Paar, Jack Harold US comedian & television host; 1st host of show "The Tonight Show" 1957-1962 (orig. "The Jack Paar Show") _1918-- Paasikivi, Juho Kusti Finnish businessman & polit.; prime min. of Finland 1944-1946; pres. of Finland 1946-1956 _1870-1956 Paasio, [Kustaa] Rafael Finnish editor & polit.; prime min. of Finland 1966-1968, 1972 _1903-1980 Paca, William US polit. in American Revolution; gov. of Maryland 1782-1785 _1740-1799 Pace, Frank Jr. US admin.; director of Bureau of Budget 1949-1950; secy. of army 1950-1953; chairman of Public Broadcasting Corp. 1968-1972 _1912-1988 Pacheco, Romualdo US polit.; gov. of California 1875; 1st Hispanic in Congress 1879 _1831-1899 Pachelbel, Johann Ger. composer, musician, & organist _1653-1706 Pacino, Alfred James (Al) US movie actor _1940-- Pacius, Fredrik Finnish composer; composed Finnish national anthem "Maamme" (also "Our Land"; tune adopted for Estonian national anthem) _1809-1891 Packard, James Ward US automobile industrialist with brother William Packard _1863-1928 Packard, William Doud US automobile industrialist with brother James Packard _1861-1923 Packer, Alferd US cannibal _1842-1907 Packer, William Fisher US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1858-1861 _1807-1870 Packwood, Robert William (Bob) US Rep. polit.; Senator from Oregon 1969--; chairman of Senate Finance Committee 1985-1987 _1932-- Paderewski, Ignace Jan Pol. composer, patriot, pianist, & polit.; prime min. of Poland 1919; pres. of Poland 1940-1941 _1860-1941 Padmore, George (orig. Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse) Ghanaian (Trinidadian-born) Pan-African agitator & polit.; advisor to Kwame Nkrumah _1902?-1959 Paeniu, Bikenbibeu Tuvalu polit.; prime min. of Tuvalu 1989-- _19XX-- Paez, Jose Antonio Venezuelan dictator, gen., & polit.; 1st pres. of Venezuela 1830-1831, 1831, 1831-1835, 1839-1843, 1861-1863 _1790-1873 Paganini, Niccolo It. composer & violinist _1782-1840 Page, Earle Christmas Grafton, Sir Austr. polit.; prime min. of Australia 1939 _1880-1961 Page, John US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1802-1805 _1743-1808 Page, Robert Morris US engineer; helped develop radar _1903-1992 Page, Thomas Nelson US diplomat & nov. _1853-1922 Page, Walter Hines US diplomat & journalist _1855-1918 Page, William Tyler US admin.; wrote American's Creed _1868-1942 Paget, James, Sir Eng. pathologist & surgeon _1814-1899 Paget, Sidney Edward Eng. illustrator; illustrated Sherlock Holmes stories _1860-1908 Paglia, Camille US aut. & critic; wrote essay collections "Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson" 1990, "Sex, Art, and American Culture" 1992 _1947-- Paige, Leroy Robert (Satchel) US baseball player _1906-1982 Paine, Albert Bieglow US aut. _1861-1937 Paine, Elizabeth American adulteress; inspiration for character Hester Prynne in novel "The Scarlet Letter" _1652-1704 Paine, Thomas US (Eng.-born) patriot & political philos. _1737-1809 Paine, Thomas Otten US admin. & engineer; admin. of NASA 1968-1970 _1921-1992 Pais, Abraham US (Dutch-born) biographer & phys.; wrote "Subtle is the Lord" 1983, "Inward Bound" 1986, "Niels Bohr's Times" 1991, "Einstein Lived Here" 1994 _1918-- Paiva, Felix Paraguayan polit.; acting pres. of Paraguay 1921; pres. of Paraguay 1937-1939 _1877-1965 Pakenham, Edward Michael, Sir Brit. (Irish-born) gen.; defeated & killed at battle of New Orleans _1778-1815 Pakula, Alan US movie director & producer; directed movies "All the President's Men" 1976, "Sophie's Choice" 1982, "Presumed Innocent" 1990, "The Pelican Brief" 1993 _1928-- Palade, George Emil US (Romanian-born) biologist; NP Med. 1974 _1912-- Palance, Jack (orig. Walter Palanuik) US actor _1920-- Palden Thondup [Namgyal] (also Palden Thendup rNamgyal) last king of Sikkim 1963-1975; deposed; son of Tashi Namgyal _1923-1982 Paleckis, Justas Ignovich Lithuanian Soviet Communist polit.; premier of Lithuania 1940-1980 _1899-1980 Palestrina, Giovanni Periluigi da It. composer & organist _1526?-1594 Paley, William Eng. philos. & theol. _1743-1805 Paley, William S. US broadcasting industrialist; pres. of CBS 1928-1946; CEO of CBS 1928-1977; chairman of CBS 1946-1983 _1901-1989 Palgrave, Francis Turner Eng. critic & poet _1824-1897 Palin, Michael Edward Brit. actor & comedian; member of Monty Python's Flying Circus _1943-- Palladio, Andrea It. architect _1518-1580 Palma, Jose Philippine lyricist; wrote original Sp. version of Philippine national anthem _1876-1903 Palma, Jose Joaquin Guatemalan lyricist; wrote Guatemalan national anthem _1844-1911 Palme, [Sven] Olof Joachim Swed. polit.; prime min. of Sweden 1969-1976, 1982-1986; Swed. foreign minister 1973; assassinated _1927-1986 Palmer, Alexander Mitchell US polit.; Atty. Gen. 1919-1921 _1872-1936 Palmer, Alice Elvira (nee Freeman) US educator; wife of George Palmer _1855-1902 Palmer, Arnold Daniel US golfer _1929-- Palmer, Daniel David US chiropractor _1845-1913 Palmer, George Herbert US educator & scholar; husband of Alice Palmer _1842-1933 Palmer, James Alvin (Jim) US baseball player; pitcher for Baltimore Orioles 1966-1984 _1945-- Palmer, John McAuley US polit.; gov. of Illinois 1869-1873 _1817-1900 Palmer, Robert US computer businessman; CEO of Digital Equipment Corp. 1992-- _1941-- Palmerston, Viscount (Henry John Temple; Pam) Eng. diplomat & polit.; Brit. prime min. 1855-1858, 1859-1865 _1784-1865 Palmgren, Selim Finnish composer & pianist _1878-1951 Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (also Viajaya Pandit; orig. Swarup Kumari Nehru; nee Nehru) Indian diplomat; 1st female pres. of UN General Assembly 1953-1954; sister of Jawaharlal Nehru _1900-1990 Panic, Milan US (Serbian Yugoslavian-born) businessman & polit.; prime min. of Yugoslavia 1992 _1929-- Panetta, Leon Edward US polit.; chairman of House Budget Committee 1989-1993; director of Office of Management & Budget 1993-1994 (OMB); White House chief of staff 1994-- _1938-- Panin, Boris Vladimirovich Rus. polit.; prime min. of Russia 1916 _1848-1917 Panini Indian Sanskrit grammarian _3XXb Pankhurst, Christabel Harriette, Dame Brit. suffragist; daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst _1880-1958 Pankhurst, Emmeline (nee Goulden) Eng. suffragist _1858-1928 Pannini, Giovanni Paolo (also Giovanni Paolo Panini) It. painter _1691-1765 Paoli, Pasquale Corsican nationalist, patriot, & polit.; liberated Corsica from Genoa 1755; pres. of Corsica 1755-1769; overthrown by French _1725-1807 Papadopoulos, George Gk. polit.; military ruler of Greece 1967-1973; regent of Greece 1972-1973; pres. of Greece 1973 _1919-- Papagos, Alexander Gk. gen. & polit.; prime min. of Greece 1952-1955 _1883-1955 Papandreou, Andreas George Gk. polit.; prime min. of Greece 1981-1989, 1993--; son of George Papandreou _1919-- Papandreou, George Andreas Gk. polit.; prime min. of Greece 1944, 1963, 1964-1965 _1888-1968 Papanicolaou, George Nicholas US (Gk.-born) anatomist & physician; creator & eponym of pap smear test _1883-1962 Papen, Franz von Ger. diplomat & polit.; chancellor of Germany 1932 _1879-1969 Papin, Denis Fr. inventor & phys. _1647?-1712 Papineau, Louis Joseph Can. polit. & rebel leader in Lower Canada _1786-1871 Papini, Giovanni It. philos. _1881-1956 Papp, Joseph (Joe; orig. Joseph Papirofsky) US theater producer; founded New York Shakespeare Festival 1954; produced shows "Hair" 1967, "The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel" 1971, "A Chorus Line" 1975 _1921-1991 Pappenheim, Gottfried Heinrich Ger. gen. _1594-1632 Pappus of Alexandria Gk. math. _3XX Paracelsus, Philippus Aureolus (orig. Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) Ger. (Swi.-born) alchemist & physician _1493-1541 Pardee, George Cooper US polit.; gov. of California 1903-1907 _1857-1941 Pare, Ambroise Fr. surgeon; father of modern surgery _1517?-1590 Parent, Simon Napoleon Can. Quebecois polit.; premier of Quebec 1900-1905 _1855-1920 Pareto, Vilfredo It. economist & sociologist _1848-1923 Parhon, Constantin Ion Romanian Communist polit.; pres. of Romania 1948-1952 _1874-1969 Paris, [Bruno Paulin] Gaston Fr. philologist _1839-1903 Paris, Matthew Eng. historian & monk _1200?-1259 Parish, Dorothy May (Sister; nee Kinnicutt) US interior decorator; redecorated White House for Kennedys _1910-1994 Parizeau, Jacques Can. Quebecois polit.; Quebecois finance minister 1976-1984; leader of Parti Quebecois 1988--; premier of Quebec 1994--; supporter of secession of Quebec _1930-- Park Chung Hee S. Korean army officer, dictator, & polit.; pres. of S. Korea 1962-1979; assassinated _1917-1979 Park, Mungo Scot. explorer in Africa _1771-1806 Parker, Alton Brooks US polit.; Dem. pres. cand. 1904 _1852-1926 Parker, Bonnie US bank robber & murder; killed by Texas Rangers; partner of Clyde Barrow _1911-1934 Parker, Charles Christopher (Charlie; Bird, Yardbird) US jazz composer, improviser, musician, & alto saxophonist; developer of bebop _1920-1955 Parker, Dorothy (nee Rothschild) US aut., humorist, poet, & wit; member of the Algonquin Wits _1893-1967 Parker, George Leroy (Butch Cassidy) US outlaw; partner of Harry Longabauch (the Sundance Kid) _1867-1912 Parker, George Swinnerton US game inventor & industrialist _1866-1952 Parker, Gilbert, Sir Can. aut. _1862-1932 Parker, Matthew Eng. prelate & reformer; archbishop of Canterbury 1559-1575 _1504-1575 Parker, Theodore US Unitarian clergyman _1810-1860 Parkes, Henry, Sir Austr. polit. _1815-1896 Parkinson, Cyril Northcote (C. Northcote Parkinson) Brit. political sci.; discoverer & eponym of Parkinson's law _1909-1993 Parkinson, James Eng. paleontologist & surgeon; explained death by appendicitis; describer 1817 & eponym of Parkinson's disease _1755-1824 Parkman, Francis US historian _1823-1893 Parks, Rosa US black civil rights leader; sparked Montgomery bus boycott 1955-1956 _1913-- Parmenides Gk. natural philos. _515b?-4XXb Parmigianino, Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzuoli (also Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola Parmigiano) It. painter _1503-1540 Parnell, Charles Stewart Irish nationalist leader _1846-1891 Parodi, Alexandre Fr. diplomat & polit.; 1st Fr. ambassador to UN 1946-1949 _1901-1979 Parr, Catherine Eng. 6th wife of Henry VIII 1543 _1512-1548 Parra, Aquileo Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1876-1877, 1877-1878 _1825-1900 Parri, Ferruccio It. polit.; 1st postwar provisional prime min. of Italy 1945 _1890-1981 Parrington, Vernon Louis US literary historian _1871-1929 Parrish, Maxfield US illustrator & painter _1870-1966 Parry, William Edward, Sir Eng. explorer _1790-1855 Parsons, Richard Dean US banker & businessman; CEO & chairman of Dime Savings Bank 1990-1994; pres. of Time Warner Inc. 1994-- _1948-- Parsons, William Irish astronomer _1800-1867 Parton, Dolly Rebecca US country singer & movie actress _1946-- Partridge, Eric Honeywood Eng. (New Zealand-born) linguist & English language expert _1894-1979 Pascal, Blaise Fr. math., phys., & theol.; developed probability theory; discovered cycloid; inventor of early computing device; stated Pascal's wager _1623-1662 Pascal-Trouillot, Ertha (nee Pascal) Haitian polit.; pres. of Haiti 1990-1991 _1943-- Pasch, Moritz Ger. math. _1843-1933? Paschal It. antipope 687 _6XX-692 Paschal I It. pope 817-824 _7XX-824 Paschal II (orig. Rainerius) It. pope 1099-1118 _10XX-1118 Paschal III (orig. Guido of Cremona) It. antipope 1164-1168 _11XX-1168 Paschen, Louis Carl Heinrich Friedrich Ger. phys. & spectroscopist; eponym of Paschen series of spectral lines _1865-1976 Pasic, Nikola Serbian-Yugoslavian polit.; prime min. of Serbia 1912-1918; 1st prime min. of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes 1918, 1921-1924, 1924-1926 _1845-1926 Pasqua, Charles Victor Fr. polit.; Fr. interior minister 1986-1988, 1993-- _1927-- Passy, Frederic Fr. pacifist & polit.; founded International League of Peace 1868; NP Peace 1901 _1822-1912 Passy, Paul Edouard Fr. phonetician; founded International Phonetic Association; devised international phonetic alphabet; son of Frederic Passy _1859-1940 Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich Rus. nov., poet, & translator; wrote novel "Dr. Zhivago" 1958; declined NP Lit. 1958 _1890-1960 Pasteur, Louis Fr. biologist & bacteriologist; proposed germ theory of disease; explained fermentation; founder of bacteriology _1822-1895 Pastore, Annibale It. logician _1868-1936 Pastrana [Borrero], Misael Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1970-1974 _1923-- Pate, Randolph McCall US Marine Corps gen.; commandant of Marine Corps 1956-1959 _1898-1961 Patel, Sardar Vallabhbhai Indian nationalist & polit. _1875-1950 Pater, Walter Horatio Eng. critic & essayist _1839-1894 Paterno, Joseph Vincent (Joe) US Football coach; coach for Pennsylvania State Univ. 1966-- _1926-- Paterson, Andrew Barton (pseud. The Banjo) Austr. journalist & poet; wrote ballad "Clancy of the Overflow", poetry collection "The Man of Snowy River" 1895, song "Waltzing Matilda" 1895 _1864-1941 Paterson, William Brit. financier; originated Bank of England _1658-1719 Paterson, William US (Irish-born) jurist & polit.; proposed New Jersey Plan; gov. of New Jersey 1790-1793; Supr. Ct. justice 1793-1806 _1745-1806 Patino, Simon Iture Bolivian tin mining industrialist _1860-1947 Patmore, Coventry Kersey Dighton Eng. poet _1823-1896 Paton, Alan Stewart S. African aut. _1903-1988 Patrick Irish (Scot.-born) bishop & saint; patron saint of Ireland _385?-461? Patten, Christopher Francis (Chris) Brit. polit.; gov. of Hong Kong 1992-- _1944-- Patterson, Floyd US boxer; heavyweight boxing champion 1956-1959, 1960-1962 _1935-- Patterson, Frederick US educator; pres. of Tuskegee Institute 1935-1953; founded United Negro College Fund 1944 _1901-1988 Patterson, Percival James Jamaican polit.; prime min. of Jamaica 1992-- _19XX-- Patterson, Robert Porter US lawyer; Secy. of War 1945-1947 _1891-1947 Patti, Adelina US (Sp.-born) soprano singer _1843-1919 Pattison, Mark Eng. aut. & scholar _1813-1884 Pattison, Robert Emory US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1883-1887, 1891-1895 _1850-1904 Patton, Francis Landey US (Bermuda-born) educator & theol.; pres. of Princeton Univ. 1888-1902 _1843-1932 Patton, George Smith Jr. (Old Blood and Guts) US gen.; fought in Europe in World War II _1885-1945 Patton, John Mercer US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1841 _1797-1858 Paul (orig. Saul of Tarsus; Apostle to the Gentiles) Christian apostle, aut., martyr, & saint _0XX-064? Paul Yugoslavian prince; regent of Yugoslavia 1934-1941; cousin of Alexander I _1893-1976 Paul I It. saint & pope 757-767 _7XX-767 Paul II (orig. Pietro Barbo) It. pope 1464-1471; nephew of Eugene IV _1417-1471 Paul III (orig. Alessandro Farnese) It. pope 1534-1549 _1468-1549 Paul IV (orig. Giovanni Pietro Caraffa) It. pope 1555-1559 _1476-1559 Paul V (orig. Camillo Borghese) It. pope 1605-1621 _1552-1621 Paul VI (orig. Giovanni Battista Montini) It. pope 1963-1978; reconvened 2nd Vatican Council 1963-1965 _1897-1978 Paul I (also Pavel I) Rus. tsar 1796-1801; assassinated; son of Peter III & Catherine II _1754-1801 Paul I Gk. king 1947-1964 _1901-1964 Paul, Ronald Ernest (Ron) US polit.; Libertarian pres. cand. 1988 _1935-- Paul, Wolfgang Ger. phys.; co-discovered ion trap technique; NP Phys. 1989 _1913-1993 Paul-Boncour, Joseph Fr. lawyer & polit. _1873-1972 Paulding, James Kirke US admin. & aut.; Secy. of Navy 1838-1841 _1778-1860 Pauli, Wolfgang Ernst Swi. (Aus.-born) phys.; discovered Pauli exclusion principle; postulated neutrino 1930; NP Phys. 1945 _1900-1958 Pauling, Linus Carl US chem. & pacifist; studied chemical bonding; wrote "The Nature of the Chemical Bond" 1939; opposed nuclear armament & testing; advocated vitamin C as cure for cancer & cold; NP Chem. 1954; NP Peace 1962 _1901-1994 Pauloluccio Anafesto It. polit.; 1st doge of Venice 697-717 _6XX-717 Paulus, Friedrich von Ger. Nazi marshal; planned Ger. invasion of Soviet Union; defeated & surrendered at battle of Stalingrad 1943 _1890-1957 Paulus, Julius Rom. jurist _3XX-4XX Pausanias Gk. gen. in Sparta _5XXb-466b? Pausanias Macedonian assassin of Philip II of Macedon; killed _3XXb-336b Pausanias Gk. geographer & traveler _2XX Pavarotti, Luciano It. opera singer _1935-- Pavelic, Ante Croatian Fascist dictator & polit.; leader of Ustase terrorist group; head of state of Croatia 1941-1945 _1889-1959 Pavese, Cesare It. aut., nov., & translator; translated "Moby Dick" into Italian; wrote novels "La Casa in Collina" 1949 (also "The House on the Hill"), "La Luna e i Falo" 1950 (also "The Moon and the Bonfire"); suicide _1908-1950 Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich Rus. physiologist; NP Med. 1904 _1849-1936 Pavlov, Valentin Sergeyevich Rus. Soviet Communist polit.; Soviet finance minister 1989-1991; premier of Soviet Union 1990; member of anti-Gorbachev putsch 1991 _1937-- Pavlova, Anna Rus. ballet dancer _1885?-1931 Pawlak, Waldemar Pol. polit.; leader of Peasant Party; prime min. of Poland 1992, 1993-- _1959-- Paye, Jean Claude Fr. diplomat; secy-gen. of Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development 1984-- (OECD) _1934-- Payne, Henry Clay US polit.; Postmaster Gen. 1902-1904; chairman of Rep. National Committee 1904 _1843-1904 Payne, James Spriggs Liberian (US-born) polit.; pres. of Liberia 1868-1870, 1876-1878 _1819-1882 Payne, John Barton US admin.; Secy. of Interior 1920-1921 _1855-1935 Payne, John Howard US actor & dram. _1791-1852 Payne, Sereno Elisha US polit.; 1st House majority leader 1899-1911 _1843-1914 Payton, Walter Jerry US football player; running back for Chicago Bears 1975-1988; holds career rushing record _1954-- Paz, Octavio Mex. aut. & diplomat; NP Lit. 1990 _1914-- Paz Estenssoro, Victor Bolivian polit.; pres. of Bolivia 1952-1956, 1960-1964, 1964, 1985-1989 _1907-- Paz Zamora, Jaime Bolivian polit.; pres. of Bolivia 1989-1993 _1939-- Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer US educator & Transcendentalist; founded 1st kindergarten in US _1804-1894 Peabody, Endicott US educator _1857-1944 Peabody, Endicott (Chub) US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1963-1965 _1920-- Peabody, George US merchant & philanthropist _1795-1869 Peacock, Thomas Love Eng. nov., poet, & satirist; father-in-law of George Meredith _1785-1866 Peale, Charles Willson US patriot & portrait painter; founded 1st major US museum 1786 _1741-1827 Peale, James US painter; brother of Charles Willson Peale _1749-1831 Peale, Norman Vincent US clergyman; wrote "The Power of Positive Thinking" 1952 _1898-1993 Peale, Raphaelle US still life painter; son of Charles Willson Peale _1774-1825 Peale, Rembrandt US portrait painter; son of Charles Willson Peale _1778-1860 Peano, Giuseppe It. logician & math.; tried to reduce arithmetic to postulates _1858-1932 Pearson, Eliphalet US educator; 1st principal of Phillips Academy 1778-1786; acting pres. of Harvard 1804-1806 _1752-1826 Pearson, Karl Eng. biometrician, math., & statistician; introduced standard deviation & chi-squared test _1857-1936 Pearson, Lester Bowles (Mike) Can. diplomat & polit.; Can. ambassador to US 1945-1946; pres. of UN General Assembly 1952-1953; tried to mediate Suez Crisis 1956; prime min. of Canada 1963-1968; NP Peace 1957 _1897-1972 Pearson, Richard, Sir Brit. naval officer in American Revolution; as captain of ship Serapis, defeated by John Paul Jones 1779 _1731-1806 Peary, Robert Edwin US Arctic explorer; 1st human to reach N. Pole 1908 _1856-1920 Pease, Elisha Marshall US polit.; gov. of Texas 1853-1857, 1867-1869 _1812-1883 Pecanha, Nilo Brazilian polit.; acting pres. of Brazil 1909-1910 _1857-1926 Peck, [Eldred] Gregory US actor _1916-- Peckham, John Eng. prelate; archbishop of Canterbury 1279-1292 _12XX-1292 Peckham, Rufus US jurist; Supr. Ct. justice 1895-1909 _1838-1909 Pedernera, Juan Esteban Argentine polit.; acting last pres. of Argentine Confederation 1861-1862 _1796-1886 Pedersen, Charles John US (Korean-born) chem.; NP Chem. 1987 _1904-1989 Pedro I (Pedro el Duro) Port. king 1357-1367; son of Afonso IV _1320-1367 Pedro II (Dom Pedro) Port. king 1667-1706; son of John IV _1648-1706 Pedro IV (Dom Pedro I) emperor of Brazil 1822-1831; abdicated; Port. king 1826; abdicated; son of John VI _1798-1834 Pedro V Port. king 1853-1861; ruled under regency 1853-1855; 1st ruler of Coburg-Gotha dynasty; son of Maria II & Fernando II _1837-1861 Pedro II (Dom Pedro II) emperor of Brazil 1831-1889; overthrown; son of Dom Pedro I _1825-1891 Peel, Robert, Sir Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1834-1835, 1841-1846; established permanent police force; source of word "bobby" _1788-1850 Peel, William, Sir Brit. admin.; gov. of Hong Kong 1930-1935 _1875-1945 Peele, George Eng. dram. & poet _1556-1596 Peery, George Campbell US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1934-1938 _1873-1952 Peguy, Charles Pierre Fr. poet & publisher _1873-1914 Pei, Ieoh Ming (I. M. Pei) US (Chinese-born) architect _1917-- Pei, Mario Andrew US (It.-born) linguist & polyglot _1901-1978 Peirce, Benjamin US astronomer; father of Charles Peirce _1809-1880 Peirce, Charles Sanders (C. S. Peirce) US logician, math., & philos.; founder of Pragmatism; pioneer of semiotics _1839-1914 Peisistratus (also Pisistratus) Gk. tyrant in Athens _5XXb-527b Peixoto, Floriano Brazilian gen. & polit.; pres. of Brazil 1891-1893, 1893-1894 _1842-1895 Pelagius (orig. Morgan) Brit. heretic, monk, & theol.; founded Pelagianism _360?-420? Pelagius I It. pope 556-561 _5XX-561 Pelagius II It. pope 579-590 _5XX-590 Pele (Perola Negra; orig. Edson Arantes do Nascimento) Brazilian soccer player _1940-- Pelham, Henry Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1743-1754; brother of Thomas Pelham (Duke of Newcastle) _1695?-1754 Pell, Claiborne de Borda US Dem. polit.; Senator from Rhode Island 1961--; sponsor & eponym of Pell grants; chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee 1987--; great-great-greatnephew of George Dallas _1918-- Pella, Giuseppe It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1953-1954; It. foreign minister 1953-1954, 1957-1958, 1959-1960 _1902-1981 Pellegrini, Carlos Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1890-1892 _1846-1906 Pellicer, Anthony Dominic US Catholic bishop; 1st Catholic bishop of San Antonio 1874-1880 _1824-1880 Pelloux, Luigi It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1898-1900 _1839-1924 Pelopidas Gk. gen. in Thebes _4XXb-364b Pemberton, John Stith US pharmacist; invented drink Coca-Cola _1831-1888 Pena, Federico Fabian US polit.; mayor of Denver 1983-1991; Secy. of Transportation 1993-- _1947-- Penderecki, Krzysztof Pol. composer _1933-- Pendleton, George Hunt US polit.; Dem. vice-pres. cand. 1864; son-inv-law of Francis Scott Key _1825-1889 Pendleton, Joseph Henry US Marine Corps gen. _1860-1942 Peng Dehuai (also P'eng Te-huai) Chinese Communist gen. _1898-1974 Peng Pai (also P'eng P'ai) Chinese Communist leader _1896-1929 Penn, Sean US movie actor; husband of Madonna 1985; divorced 1989 _1960-- Penn, William, Sir Eng. adm.; father of William Penn _1621-1670 Penn, William Eng. colonizer & Quaker religious leader in America; founder & eponym of Pennsylvania _1644-1718 Pennell, Joseph US etcher _1857-1926 Penney, James Cash (J. C. Penney) US department store industrialist; founder & eponym of J. C. Penney Co. 1902 _1875-1971 Pennington, William US polit.; gov. of New Jersey 1837-1843; Speaker of the House 1859-1861 _1796-1862 Pennypacker, Samuel Whitaker US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1903-1907 _1843-1916 Penrose, Roger Brit. math. & cognitive sci.; wrote "The Emperor's New Mind" 1989 _1931-- Penzias, Arno Allan US (Ger.-born) phys.; co-discovered cosmic microwave background radiation from big bang 1964 with Robert Wilson; NP Phys. 1978 _1933-- Pepi II (also Phiops II) king of Egypt 2281b?-2187b?; longest-reigning monarch in recorded history _2287b?-2187? Pepin III (Pepin the Short; Pepin le Bref) Fr. king 751-768; 1st ruler of Carolingian dynasty; son of Charles Martel; father of Charlemagne _714?-768 Pepper, Claude Denson US polit. _1900-1989 Pepusch, Johann Christoph Ger. composer; composed opera "The Beggar's Opera" 1728 _1667-1752 Pepys, Samuel Eng. diarist & naval admin. _1633-1703 Perceval, Spencer Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1809-1812; assassinated _1762-1812 Percy, Henry, Sir (Hotspur) Eng. soldier _1364-1403 Percy, Thomas Eng. antiquarian & poet _1729-1811 Pereira, Aristides Maria Cape Verdean nationalist & polit.; 1st pres. of Cape Verde 1975-1991 _1923-- Pereira, William Leonard US architect; designed Transamerica Building _1909-1985 Pereira [de Soua], Washington Luis Brazilian polit.; pres. of Brazil 1926-1930; overthrown _1870-1955 Perelman, Sidney Joseph (S. J. Perelman) US aut. & humorist _1904-1979 Peres, Shimon Israeli (Pol.-born) polit.; acting prime min. of Israel 1977; prime min. of Israel 1984-1986; Israeli foreign minister 1986-1988, 1992--; NP Peace 1994 _1923-- Perez, Santiago Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1869, 1874-1876 _1830-1900 Perez de Cuellar, Javier Peruvian diplomat; Peruvian ambassador to UN 1971-1975; secy-gen. of UN 1982-1992 _1920-- Perez Balladares, Ernesto Panamanian polit.; pres. of Panama 1994-- _19XX-- Perez Galdos, Benito Sp. dram. & nov. _1843-1920 Perez [Godoy], Ricardo Pio Peruvian gen. & polit.; pres. of Peru 1962-1963 _1905-- Perez Jimenez, Marcos Venezuelan army officer & polit.; pres. of Venezuela 1952-1958 _1914-- Perez [Mascayano], Jose Joaquin Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1861-1871 _1800-1889 Perez [Rodriguez], Carlos Andres Venezuelan polit.; pres. of Venezuela 1974-1979, 1989-1993; deposed _1922-- Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista It. composer _1710-1736 Pericles Gk. polit. in Athens _490b?-429b Perkins, Anthony US actor _1932-1992 Perkins, Edward US diplomat; US ambassador to UN 1992-1993 _1928-- Perkins, Frances (orig. Fannie Coralie Perkins) US social reformer; Secy. of Labor 1933-1945; 1st female Cabinet member _1880-1965 Perkins, George Clement US polit.; gov. of California 1880-1883 _1839-1923 Perkins, George Walbridge US diplomat; US ambassador to NATO 1955-1957 _1895-1960 Perkins, James Alfred US educator; pres. of Cornell Univ. 1963-1969 _1911-- Perlman, Itzhak Israeli violinist _1945-- Perlman, Rhea US actress; starred in series "Cheers" 1982-1993, movie "The Ratings Game" 1984; wife of Danny De Vito 1982 _1948-- Peron, Eva [Duarte de] (Evita) Argentine dancer & polit.; 2nd wife of Juan Peron 1945 _1895-1975 Peron, Maria Estela Martinez de (Isabel) Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1975-1976; deposed; 3rd wife of Juan Peron _1931-- Peron [Sosa], Juan Domingo Argentine dictator & polit.; pres. of Argentina 1946-1955, 1973-1975; husband of Eva Peron _1895-1975 Perot, [Henry] Ross (H. Ross Perot) US businessman & polit.; independent pres. cand. 1992 _1930-- Perrault, Charles Fr. aut. of fairy tales _1628-1703 Perrin, Jean Baptiste Fr. phys.; NP Phys. 1926 _1870-1942 Perry, Antoinette US actress & director; eponym of Tony Award _1888-1946 Perry, Bliss US critic & educator _1860-1954 Perry, Edward Aylsworth US polit.; gov. of Florida 1885-1889 _1831-1889 Perry, Madison Stark US polit.; gov. of Florida 1857-1861 _1814-1865 Perry, Matthew Calbraith (Commodore Perry) US naval officer & diplomat to Japan; brother of Oliver Hazard Perry _1794-1858 Perry, Oliver Hazard US naval officer & hero; won victory in battle of Lake Erie in War of 1812; brother of Matthew Perry _1785-1819 Perry, Ralph Barton US educator & philos. _1876-1957 Perry, William James US admin. & engineer; Secy. of Defense 1994-- _1927-- Pershing, John Joseph (Black Jack) US gen.; led American expeditionary force in World War I 1917-1919; army chief of staff 1921-1924 _1860-1948 Persius (Aulus Persius Flaccus) Rom. satirist _034-062 Pertini, Alessandro It. polit.; pres. of Italy 1978-1985 _1896-1990 Perugino, Il (orig. Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci, Pier della Pieve) It. painter; teacher of Raphael _1446-1523 Perutz, Max Ferdinand Brit. (Aus.-born) biochem.; NP Chem. 1962 _1914-- Peruzzi, Baldassare It. architect & painter _1481-1536 Pesci, Joe US comic movie actor _1943-- Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich Swi. educator _1746-1827 Petain, Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Fr. gen., marshal, polit., & Nazi collaborator; won battle of Verdun 1916 in World War I; prime min. of France 1940-1944 with Vichy government; signed armistice with Nazi Germany 1940 _1856-1951 Peter (orig. Simon; also Petros, Cephas) Christian apostle, martyr, & saint; 1st pope 042?-064?; patron saint of fishermen _0XX-064? Peter I (Peter the Great) Rus. tsar 1682-1725; ruled jointly with Ivan V 1682-1696; ruled under regency 1682-1689; westernized Russia; won battle of Pultowa 1709; declared himself emperor 1721; son of Alexei Mikhailovich _1672-1725 Peter II Alexeyevich Rus. tsar 1727-1730; ruled under regency 1727-1730; step-grandson of Catherine I; grandson of Peter I _1715-1730 Peter III Rus. tsar 1762; deposed & killed on Catherine II's orders; withdrew Russia from Seven Years' War 1762; nephew of Elizabeth Petrovna; grandson of Peter I _1728-1762 Peter I prince-bishop of Montenegro 1782-1830 _1760?-1830 Peter II prince-bishop of Montenegro 1830-1851; nephew of Peter I _1812-1851 Peter I [Karadjordevic] (also Petar I) king of Serbia 1903-1921; ruled under Aus. occupation 1915-1918; ruled Serbia as part of Yugoslavia 1918-1921; son of Alexander I _1844-1921 Peter II (also Petar II) king of Yugoslavia 1934-1945; ruled in exile in London 1941-1945; son of Alexander I _1923-1970 Peter Lombard (also Petrus Lombardus) It. theol. _1095?-1160 Peter the Hermit (Peter of Amiens) Fr. preacher with 1st Crusade _1050?-1115 Peters, Andrew James US polit.; mayor of Boston 1918-1922 _1872-1938 Peters, Carl Ger. explorer _1856-1918 Peters, Michael (Mike) US cartoonist; created Mother Goose & Grimm _1943-- Petersen, Jonathan Danish songwriter; composed national song of Greenland "Nangminek erinalik" _1881-1961 Peterson, Peter US admin.; Secy. of Commerce 1972-1973 _1926-- Peterson, Roger Tory US ornithologist _1908-- Petit, Alexis Therese Fr. phys.; co-eponym of Dulong-Petit law _1791-1820 Petitpierre, Max Swi. diplomat & polit.; Swi. foreign minister 1945-1961; pres. of Switzerland 1950, 1955, 1960 _1899-1994 Petofi, Sandor Hung. patriot & poet _1823-1849 Petrarch, Francesco (also Francesco Petrarca) It. humanist, lyric poet, & scholar; father of Italian Renaissance _1304-1374 Petrashevsky, Mikhail Vasilievich [Butashevich-] Rus. socialist _1821-1866 Petri, Julius Richard Ger. bacteriologist; eponym of petri dish _1852-1921 Petrie, [William Matthew] Flinders, Sir Eng. archaeologist & Egyptologist; discovered Sinaitic inscriptions; developed sequence dating _1853-1942 Petrillo, James Caesar US labor leader & musician; pres. of American Federation of Musicians 1940-1958 _1892-1984 Petronius (Titus Petronius Niger) Rom. courtier & satirist _0XX-066 Petrosian, Tigran Vartanovich Armenian chess player; world chess champion 1963-1969 _1929-1984 Petrov, Yevgeny (also Evgeny Petrov; pseud. of Yevgeny Petrovich Kataev, also Evgeny Petrovich Katayev) Rus. nov. & satirist; collaborator with Ilya Ilf _1903-1942 Petrovic, Drazen Croatian basketball player _1964-1993 Pettit, Joseph Mayo US educator & engineer; pres. of Georgia Institute of Technology 1972-1986 _1916-1986 Pettit, Robert E. Lee (Bob) US basketball player; played for St. Louis Hawks 1954-1965 (orig. Milwaukee Hawks before 1955); 1st NBA player to score over 20,000 career points _1932-- Petty, Richard US automobile racer; holds record for most NASCAR victories _1937-- Petty, William, Sir Eng. political economist _1623-1687 Pevsner, Antoine Fr. (Rus.-born) painter & sculptor; brother of Naum Gabo _1886-1962 Pevsner, Nikolaus, Sir Brit. (Ger.-born) art historian _1902-1983 Pfaff, Johann Friedrich Ger. math.; eponym of Pfaffian _1765-1825 Pfeiffer, Michelle US movie actress _1957-- Pfeiffer, Richard Friedrich Johannes Ger. bacteriologist _1858-1945 Pflimlin, Pierre Eugene Jean Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1958 _1907-- Phaedrus Gk. philos. _4XXb Phaedrus Rom. aut. of fables _015b?-050? Phan Boi Chau Vietnamese aut. & rebel leader _1867-1940 Pharaoun, Henri Philippe (also Henry Pharaon) Lebanese (Egyptian-born) art collector & polit.; helped found independent Lebanon; designed Lebanese flag; Lebanese foreign minister 1945-1946, 1947; murdered _1901?-1993 Pharnaces I king of Pontus 183b?-171b? _2XXb-171b? Pharnaces II king of Pontus 063b?-047b?; defeated by Julius Caesar at battle of Zela (subject of quotation "Veni, vidi, vici") 047b; son of Mithridates VI _0XXb-047b? Phetsarath, Ratanavongsa Laotian nationalist & prince; father of Laotian independence _1890-1959 Phidias Gk. sculptor in Athens _4XXb Philbin, Regis Francis Xavier US television host; co-hosted show "Live with Regis and Kathie Lee" 1985-- (orig. "The Morning Show" before 1988) _1933-- Philbrick, Herbert Arthur US counterspy; infiltrated US Communist Party _1915-1993 Philby, Harold Adrian Russell (Kim) Brit. (Indian-born) spy & traitor; served Soviets as double agent _1911-1988 Philibert Fr. abbot & saint; source of word "filbert" _608?-686? Philidor, Francois Andre Danican Fr. chess player & operatic composer _1726-1795 Philip unwilling It. antipope 768 _7XX Philip (King Philip; orig. Metacomet) Wampanoag chief; eponym of King Philip's War 1675-1676; killed _1639?-1676 Philip (Philip Mountbatten; Duke of Edinburgh) Brit. (Gk.-born) prince consort; husband of Elizabeth II 1947; grandson of George I of Greece; great-grandson of Victoria _1921-- Philip I (Philip the Fair; also Philippe I le Bel) Fr. king 1060-1108; ruled under regency 1060-1066; son of Henry I _1052-1108 Philip II (Philip Augustus; also Philippe II, Philippe Auguste) Fr. king 1180-1223; son of Louis VII _1165-1223 Philip III (Philip the Bold; also Philippe III, Philippe le Hardi) Fr. king 1270-1285; son of Louis IX _1245-1285 Philip IV (Philip the Fair; also Philippe IV, Philippe le Bel) Fr. king 1285-1305; son of Philip III; convened 1st Estates-General 1302 _1268-1305 Philip V (Philip the Tall; also Philippe V, Philippe le Long) Fr. king 1316-1322; son of Philip IV; brother of Louis X _1294?-1322 Philip VI (Count of Valois; also Philippe VI) Fr. king 1328-1350; 1st ruler of House of Valois; defeated by English at battle of Crecy 1346; grandson of Philip III; cousin of Charles IV _1293-1350 Philip III Port. king 1621-1640 _15XX-1640 Philip I (Philip the Handsome; also Felipe I) king of Castile 1506; husband of Joanna 1496; son of Maximilian I; father of Charles V _1478-1506 Philip II (also Felipe II; Philip I of Portugal) Sp. king 1556-1598; Port. king 1580-1598 as Philip I; son of Charles V; husband of Mary I of England _1527-1598 Philip III (also Felipe III; Philip II of Portugal) Sp. king 1598-1621; Port. king 1598-1621 as Philip II; son of Philip II _1578-1621 Philip IV (also Felipe IV; Philip III of Portugal) Sp. king 1621-1665; Port. king 1621-1640; lost sovereignty over Portugal 1640; son of Philip III _1605-1665 Philip V (Philip of Anjou; also Felipe V) Sp. king 1700-1724, 1724-1746; cause of War of the Spanish Succession 1701-1713; 1st ruler of Bourbon dynasty in Spain; grandson of Charles II _1683-1746 Philip II (Philip of Macedon) Macedonian gen.; king of Macedonia 359b-336b; defeated Athens at battle of Coronea 338b; assassinated; father of Alexander the Great _382b-336b Philip III (Philip the Good) duke of Burgundy 1419-1467 _1396-1467 Philip Neri (orig. Filippo Romolo de' Neri) It. priest & saint; founded Fathers of the Oratory 1564 _1515-1595 Philippsberg, Josef von Philippovich, Freiherr Aus. admin.; 1st Aus. gov. of Bosnia & Herzegovina 1878 _1819-1889 Philips, Ambrose (Namby-Pamby) Eng. dram. & poet _1674-1749 Phillips, John George US computer businessman; pres. of IBM 1949-1951 _1888-1964 Phillips, Mark Anthony Peter Brit. husband of Princess Anne 1973; divorced 1992 _1948-- Phillips, Samuel US educator; founder & eponym of Phillips Academy 1778 _1752-1802 Phillips, Samuel Cochran US air force gen.; director of National Security Agency 1972-1973 (NSA) _1921-- Phillips, Wendell US abolitionist; pres. of Anti-Slavery Society 1865-1870 _1811-1884 Phillpotts, Eden Eng. dram. & nov. _1862-1960 Philo Judaeus (also Philo of Alexandria) Jewish philos. & theol. _0XXb-0XX Phocion Gk. gen. & polit. in Athens _402b?-318b Phoenix, River US movie actor _1970-1993 Phomvihane, Kaysone Laotian Communist dictator, polit., & revolutionary; helped found Pathet Lao rebel group 1950; prime min. of Laos 1975-1991; 1st pres. of Laos 1991-1992 _1920-1992 Phounsavanh, Nouhak (also Nouhak Phoumsavan) Laotian Communist polit.; pres. of Laos 1992-- _19XX-- Phyfe, Duncan US (Scot.-born) cabinetmaker & furniture manufacturer _1768-1854 Pi [y Margall], Francisco Sp. polit.; pres. of Spain 1873 _1824-1901 Piaf, Edith (orig. Edith Giovanna Gassion) Fr. singer _1915-1963 Piaget, Jean Swi. pioneer child psychologist; studied child cognitive development _1896-1980 Piazzi, Giuseppe It. astronomer & monk; discovered 1st asteroid Ceres 1801 _1746-1826 Pibul Songgram Thai marshal & polit.; prime min. of Thailand 1938-1944, 1948-1957 _1897-1964 Picabia, Francis Fr. artist of Orphism & Dada movements _1879-1953 Picado [Michalski], Teodoro Costa Rican polit.; pres. of Costa Rica 1944-1948 _1901-1960 Picard, Charles Emile Fr. math. _1856-1941 Picard, Jean Fr. astronomer _1620-1682 Picard, Paul US television producer; created series "The Dukes of Hazzard" _1931?-1994 Picasso, Pablo [Ruiz y] Sp. Cubist painter; father of modern art _1881-1973 Piccard, Auguste Swi. phys. _1884-1962 Piccard, Jacques Ernst Swi. (Belgian-born) oceanographer; inventor of bathyscaphe; son of Auguste Piccard _1922-- Pichon, Stephen Fr. diplomat; Fr. foreign minister 1906-1911, 1913, 1917-1920 _1857-1933 Pickering, Edward Charles US astronomer; brother of William Henry Pickering _1846-1919 Pickering, Thomas Reeve US diplomat; US ambassador to UN 1989-1992; US ambassador to Russia 1993-- _1931-- Pickering, Timothy US admin. & polit.; Postmaster Gen. 1791-1795; Secy. of War 1795; Secy. of State 1795-1800 _1745-1829 Pickering, William Henry US astronomer; brother of Edward Charles Pickering _1858-1938 Pickett, Bill (the Dusky Demon, the Modern Ursus) US black cowboy & rodeo performer; originated bulldogging technique _1870-1932 Pickett, George Edward US-Confederate gen.; led disastrous Pickett's charge at battle of Gettysburg 1863 _1825-1875 Pickford, Mary (orig. Gladys Mary Smith; America's Sweetheart) US (Can.-born) movie actress; wife of Douglas Fairbanks 1920; divorced 1935 _1893-1979 Pico della Mirandola, Conte Giovanni It. humanist _1463-1494 Piech, Wilhelm Ger. Communist polit.; 1st pres. of E. Germany 1949-1960 _1876-1960 Pierce, Benjamin US polit.; gov. of New Hampshire 1827-1828, 1829-1830; father of Franklin Pierce _1757-1839 Pierce, Franklin US gen. & polit.; 14th pres. of US 1853-1857 _1804-1869 Pierce, Jane Means (nee Appleton) US wife of Franklin Pierce 1834 _1806-1863 Pierce, Samuel Riley Jr. US admin.; Secy. of HUD 1981-1989 _1922-- Pierlot, Hubert Belgian polit.; prime min. of Belgium 1939-1945; led Belgian government-in-exile _1883-1963 Piero della Francesca (also Piero de'Franceschi) It. painter _1420?-1492 Pierpoint, Francis Harrison US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1865-1868 _1814-1899 Pierpont, James US songwriter; wrote & composed song "Jingle Bells" 1857; uncle of John Pierpont Morgan _1822-1893 Pierre, Henri Fr. journalist; co-founded newspaper Le Monde 1944 _1918-1994 Pierrepont, Edwards US lawyer; Atty. Gen. 1875-1876 _1817-1892 Pierson, Abraham American Congregational clergyman & educator; 1st rector of Yale Univ. 1701-1707 (orig. the Collegiate School until 1718; Yale College until 1872) _1645?-1707 Pigott, Richard Irish forger & journalist; forged letter from Charles Parnell condoning Phoenix Park murders, published in "The Times" 1887; suicide _1828-1889 Pigou, Arthur Cecil Brit. economist; student of Alfred Marshall _1877-1959 Pike, Albert US Freemason; reformer of US Freemasonry _1809-1891 Pike, Kenneth Lee US linguist; founded tagmemics _1912-- Pike, Sumner Tucker US admin.; acting chairman of Atomic Energy Commission 1950 _1891-1976 Pike, Zebulon Montgomery US army officer & explorer; killed at battle of York in War of 1812; eponym of Pikes Peak _1779-1813 Pilate, Pontius Rom. polit.; procurator of Judea 026-036?; suicide _0XX-036? Pillsbury, Charles Alfred US flour industrialist; founder & eponym of Pillsbury Co. _1842-1899 Pillsbury, Harry Nelson US chess player _1872-1906 Pilsudski, Josef Klemens Pol. gen., nationalist, & polit.; head of state of Poland 1918-1921; dictator & premier of Poland 1926-1928, 1930 _1867-1935 Pinay, Antoine Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1952 _1891-- Pincay, Laffit Jr. US (Panamanian-born) jockey _1946-- Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart US polit.; acting gov. of Louisiana 1872-1873; 1st black gov. in US _1837-1921 Pinchot, Gifford US forester & polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1923-1927, 1931-1935 _1865-1946 Pinckney, Charles US polit.; gov. of S. Carolina 1789-1792, 1796-1798, 1806-1808 _1757-1824 Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth US polit.; Federalist pres. cand. 1800, 1804, 1808; brother of Thomas Pinckney _1746-1825 Pinckney, Thomas US polit.; 1st US gov. of S. Carolina 1787-1789; Federalist pres. cand. 1796; brother of Charles Pinckney _1750-1828 Pincus, Gregory Goodwin US physician; inventor of 1st birth control pill (oral contraceptive) _1903-1967 Pindar Gk. lyric poet _522b?-443b Pindling, Lynden Oscar, Sir Bahamian polit.; last premier of Bahamas 1967-1969; 1st prime min. of Bahamas 1969-1992 _1930-- Pineau, Christian Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1955 _1904-- Pinel, Philippe Fr. physician & reformer; established humane treatment for the mentally ill _1745-1826 Pinero, Arthur Wing, Sir Eng. dram. _1855-1934 Pinkerton, Allan US (Scot.-born) private detective _1819-1884 Pinkney, William US polit.; Atty. Gen. 1812-1814 _1764-1822 Pinochet [Ugarte], Augusto Chilean dictator, gen., & polit.; overthrew Salvador Allende 1973; pres. of Chile 1974-1990; resigned _1915-- Pinter, Harold Eng. dram. & screenwriter; wrote plays "The Dumb Waiter" 1957, "The Birthday Party" 1957, "The Caretaker" 1959, "The Homecoming" 1964 _1930-- Pinto, Anibal Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1876-1881 _1825-1884 Pinto [y Diaz], Francisco Antonio Chilean polit.; dictator of Chile 1827-1828 _1785-1858 Pinto [da Costa], Manuel Sao Tome & Principe nationalist & polit.; 1st pres. of Sao Tome & Principe 1975-1991 _1937-- Pinturicchio (orig. Bernardino di Betto di Biago) It. painter _1454?-1513 Pinzon, Martin Alonso Sp. explorer with Christopher Columbus; discovered Haiti; brother of Vicente Pinzon _1441-1493 Pinzon, Vicente Yanez Sp. explorer with Christopher Columbus; brother of Martin Pinzon _1460-1524 Piozzi, Hester Lynch (Mrs. Thrale) Eng. aut. _1741-1821 Piper, William Thomas (the Henry Ford of Aviation) US airplane manufacturer; founder, eponym, & 1st pres. of Piper Aircraft Corp. 1929-1970; developer & eponym of Piper Cub _1881-1970 Pirandello, Luigi It. aut. & dram.; wrote plays "Right You Are If You Think You Are" 1917, "Six Characters in Search of an Author" 1921, "Henry IV" 1922, "As You Desire Me" 1930; NP Lit. 1934 _1867-1936 Piranesi, Giambattista (also Giovanni Battista Piranesi) It. archaeologist, architect, engraver, etcher, & painter _1720-1778 Pire, [Dominique] Georges Belgian humanitarian & priest; NP Peace 1958 _1910-1969 Pisanello (orig. Antonio Pisano; also Vittore Pisano) It. painter _1380?-1455? Pissarro, Camille Fr. (Virgin Islands-born) Impressionist painter _1830-1903 Piston, Walter Hamor US composer _1894-1976 Pitcher, Nathaniel US polit.; acting gov. of New York 1828 _1777-1836 Pitman, Isaac, Sir Eng. phonetician & writing reformer _1813-1897 Pitney, Mahlon US jurist & polit.; Supr. Ct. justice 1912-1922 _1858-1924 Pitt, William (Pitt the Elder; the Great Commoner; Earl of Chatham) Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1766-1768; father of William Pitt the Younger _1708-1778 Pitt, William (Pitt the Younger) Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1783-1801, 1804-1806; son of William Pitt the Elder _1759-1806 Pittman, Key US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1933-1940 _1872-1940 Pitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Eng. archaeologist _1827-1900 Pitzer, Kenneth Sanborn US chem. & educator; pres. of Rice Univ. 1961-1968; pres. of Stanford Univ. 1968-1970 _1914-- Pius I saint & pope 140?-154? _090?-157? Pius II (orig. Enea Silvio de Piccolomini; also Aeneas Silvius, Aeneas Sylvius) It. aut. & pope 1458-1464; uncle of Pius III _1405-1464 Pius III (orig. Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini) It. pope 1503; nephew of Pius II _1439-1503 Pius IV (orig. Giovanni Angelo de' Medici) It. pope 1559-1565 _1499-1565 Pius V (orig. Antonio Michael Ghislieri) It. saint & pope 1566-1572 _1504-1572 Pius VI (orig. Giovanni Angelo Braschi) It. pope 1775-1799 _1717-1799 Pius VII (orig. Luigi Barnaba Chiaramonti) It. pope 1800-1823 _1742?-1823 Pius VIII (orig. Francesco Xavier Castiglione) It. pope 1829-1830 _1761-1830 Pius IX (orig. Giovanni Maria Mastai-Feretti) It. pope 1846-1878; opposed unification of Italy; convened 1st Vatican Council 1869-1870; established doctrine of ex cathedra papal infallibility 1870 _1792-1878 Pius X (orig. Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto) It. saint & pope 1903-1914; canonized 1954 _1835-1914 Pius XI (orig. Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, Ambrosio Damien Achille Ratti) It. scholar & pope 1922-1939; 1st to govern Vatican City (Holy See) following Lateran Treaty 1929 _1857-1939 Pius XII (orig. Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli) It. pope 1939-1958; neutral in World War II; excommunicated all It. Communists 1949; declared doctrine of Assumption of Virgin Mary 1950 _1876-1958 Pizarro, Francisco Sp. conqueror & explorer of Peru; murdered _1470?-1541 Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Ger. phys.; proposed quantization of energy (photons) to explain blackbody radiation 1900; father of quantum theory; NP Phys. 1918 _1858-1947 Plante, [Joseph] Jacques Can. hockey player; goalie for Montreal Canadiens 1952-1963; 1st goalie to wear face mask _1929-1986 Plantin, Christophe Fr. printer _1520?-1589 Plateau, Joseph Belgian phys.; studied minimal surfaces _1801-1883 Plath, Sylvia (pseud. Victoria Lucas) US nov. & poet; wrote poetry collections "Colossus" 1960, "Ariel" 1965, novel "The Bell Jar" 1963; wife of Ted Hughes 1956; suicide _1932-1963 Plato (orig. Aristocles) Gk. aut. & philos. in Athens; wrote dialogues "The Republic", "The Apology", "The Laws", "Timaeus", "Symposium", "Crito", "Phaedo", "Eutyphro"; student of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle _427b?-347b Plautus, Titus Maccius Rom. comic dram.; wrote plays "Amphitryon", "Captivi", "Persa", "Miles Gloriosus", "Aulularia", "Trinummus", "Rudens", "Mercator", "Curculio", "Stichus" _254b?-184b Player, Gary Jim S. African golfer _1935-- Playfair, John Scot. geologist & math. _1748-1819 Plaza, Victorino de la Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1914-1916 _1840-1919 Plaza [Gutierrez], Leonidas Ecuadorian polit.; pres. of Ecuador 1901-1905, 1912-1916; father of Galo Plaza Lasso _1865-1932 Plaza [Lasso], Galo Ecuadorian polit.; pres. of Ecuador 1948-1952; secy-gen. of Organization of American States 1968-1975 (OAS) _1906-1987 Pleasants, James US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1822-1825 _1769-1836 Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich Rus. Marxist political philos. & Menshevik revolutionary; formed 1st Communist group in Russia _1857-1918 Plenty Coups (Aleek-chea-ahoosh) Crow chief & religious leader; allied Crow with whites _1848-1932 Pleven, Rene Jean Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1950-1951, 1951-1952 _1901-1993 Plimsoll, Samuel (the Sailor's Friend) Eng. shipping reformer _1824-1898 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus) Rom. encyclopedist, naturalist, scholar, & sci.; wrote 37-book "Historia Naturalis"; died in eruption of Mount Vesuvius _023-079 Pliny the Younger (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus) Rom. aut. & polit.; wrote "Epistles"; nephew & adopted son of Pliny the Elder _062-114? Plotinus Rom. philos.; founder of Neoplatonism; wrote "Enneads" _205?-270 Plucker, Julius Ger. math. _1801-1868 Plunkett, James William Jr. (Jim) US football player; won Heisman Trophy 1970 as quarterback for Stanford Univ.; quarterback for New England Patriots 1971-1976, Los Angeles Raiders 1978--; Super Bowl MVP 1981 _1947-- Plunkett, Roy US inventor; invented Teflon 1938 _1910?-1994 Plutarch Gk. biographer & moralist; wrote biographical collection "Parallel Lives" (also "Plutarch's Lives") _046?-120? Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich Rus. jurist & Slavophile political philos. _1827-1907 Pocahontas (Mataoka; Rebecca) Algonquin princess; daughter of Powhatan; wife of John Rolfe _1595-1617 Podgorny, Nikolai Viktorovich Ukrainian Soviet Communist polit.; chairman of Presidium of Supreme Soviet 1965-1977; deposed by Brezhnev _1903-1983 Podoloff, Maurice US lawyer & basketball & hockey admin.; only pres. of Basketball Association of America 1946-1949; 1st commissioner of NBA 1949-1963 _1890-1985 Poe, Edgar Allan US short story aut., editor, & poet; father of mystery story; wrote poems "The Raven", "Annabel Lee", short stories "The Tell-Tale Heart", "The Purloined Letter", "The Pit and the Pendulum" _1809-1849 Pohl, Frederik US science fiction aut.; editor of magazine Galaxy 1961-1969; wrote novels "Man Plus" 1976, "Gateway" 1977 _1919-- Poincare, [Jules] Henri Fr. math. & mathematical phys.; cousin of Raymond Poincare _1854-1912 Poincare, Raymond Nicolas Landry Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1911-1913, 1922-1924, 1926-1929; pres. of France 1913-1920; cousin of Henri Poincare _1860-1934 Poindexter, George US polit.; gov. of Mississippi 1820-1822; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1834 _1779-1853 Poindexter, John Marlan US adm.; national security advisor 1985-1986; acquitted in Irangate scandal _1936-- Poinsett, Joel Roberts US diplomat & polit.; Secy. of War 1837-1841; source of word "poinsettia" _1779-1851 Poinsot, Louis Fr. math. & phys. _1777-1859 Poiseuille, Jean Louis Marie Fr. phys. & physiologist; studied fluid dynamics & circulation of blood; source of unit name "poise" _1799-1869 Poisson, Simeon Denis Fr. math.; discoverer & eponym of Poisson probability distribution _1781-1840 Poitier, Sidney US actor _1924-- Pokrovski, Mikhail Nikolayevich Rus. Soviet historian & polit. _1868-1932 Polanski, Roman Pol. (Fr.-born) movie director in US _1933-- Polanyi, John Charles Can. (Ger.-born) chem.; NP Chem. 1986 _1929-- Pole, Reginald Eng. cardinal; archbishop of Canterbury 1556-1558 _1500-1558 Pole, William de la (Duke of Suffolk, Earl of Pembroke; Jack Napis) Eng. duke; executed; source of word "jackanapes" _1396-1450 Poletti, Charles US polit.; gov. of New York 1942-1943 _1903-- Polgar, Judit Hung. chess player _1976-- Poling, Harold Arthur (Red) US automobile businessman; pres. of Ford Motor Co. 1985-1987; CEO & chairman of Ford Motor Co. 1990-1993 _1925-- Politian (also Angelo Poliziano, Angelo Ambrogini) It. classical scholar & poet _1454-1494 Polk, James Knox (Napoleon of the Stump) US polit.; Speaker of the House 1835-1839; gov. of Tennessee 1839-1841; 11th pres. of US 1845-1849 _1795-1849 Polk, Sarah (nee Childress) US wife of James Polk 1824 _1803-1891 Pollack, Sydney US movie director; directed movies "They Shoot Horses, Don't They?" 1970, "The Way We Were" 1973, "Three Days of the Condor" 1975, "Tootsie" 1982, "Out of Africa" 1984, "The Firm" 1993 _1934-- Pollard, John Garland US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1930-1934 _1871-1937 Pollio, Gaius Asinius Rom. orator, polit., & soldier _076b-004 Pollock, Frederick, Sir Eng. jurist; co-wrote history "History of English Law before Edward I" 1895 with Frederic Maitland _1845-1937 Pollock, [Paul] Jackson US Abstract Expressionist painter; founded Tachist movement _1912-1956 Pollock, James US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1855-1858 _1810-1890 Polo, Marco It. traveler in Asia _1254?-1324? Pol Pot (orig. Saloth Sar; also Tol Saut, Pol Porth) Cambodian Communist dictator & polit. with Khmer Rouge; dictator & prime min. of Cambodia 1976-1979 _1928-- Polybius Gk. historian _205b?-118b? Polycarp (also Polykarp) martyr, saint, & bishop of Smyrna _1XX Polyclitus (also Polycleitus) Gk. architect & sculptor _4XXb Polycrates Gk. tyrant of Samos _5XXb-522b? Polydorus Gk. sculptor in Rhodes _0XXb Polygnotus Gk. painter _4XXb Pomare I (orig. Tu, Tinah) king of Tahiti 1770?-1782; 1st king of unified Tahiti; abdicated; regent of Tahiti 1782-1803 _1742-1803 Pomare II king of Tahiti 1782-1821; ruled under regency 1782-1803; son of Pomare I _1782-1821 Pomare III king of Tahiti 1821-1827; son of Pomare II _1820-1827 Pomare IV (Aimata) queen of Tahiti 1827-1877; ruled under Fr. administration 1843-1847; daughter of Pomare II _1812-1877 Pomare V last king of Tahiti 1877-1880; abdicated; son of Pomare V _1839-1891 Pomeroy, Theodore Medad US polit.; Speaker of the House 1869 for 1 day _1824-1905 Pompadour, Marquise de (Jeanne Antoinette Poisson le Normant du Etoiles) Fr. mistress of Louis XV _1721-1764 Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) Rom. gen. & polit.; member of 1st Triumvirate; lost battle of Pharsalus 048b _106b-048b Pompidou, Georges Jean Raymond Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1962-1968; pres. of France 1969-1974 _1911-1974 Ponce [Enriquez], Camilo Ecuadorian polit.; pres. of Ecuador 1956-1960 _1912-1976 Ponce de Leon, Juan Sp. explorer in America; explored Florida; 1st Sp. gov. of Puerto Rico 1509, 1510-1511 _1460?-1521 Poncelet, Jean Victor Fr. math.; revived projective geometry; discovered principle of duality independently of Joseph Gergonne _1788-1867 Ponchielli, Amilcare It. composer _1834-1886 Poniatowski, Jozef Antoni Pol. (Aus.-born) marshal & patriot; repeatedly fought against Russia; drowned at battle of Leipzig; nephew of Stanislav II Augustus Poniatowski _1763-1813 Pons, Jean Louis Fr. astronomer in Italy; discovered Encke's comet _1761-1831 Pons, Lily (orig. Alice Josephine Pons) US (Fr.-born) soprano singer _1904-1976 Ponselle, Rose Melba (orig. Rosa Ponzillo) US soprano singer _1897-1981 Pontiac Ottawa chief _1720?-1769 Pontian It. martyr, saint, & pope 230-235; resigned _1XX-236? Pontoppidan, Henrik Danish nov.; NP Lit. 1917 _1857-1943 Pontormo, Jacopo da (orig. Jacopo Carrucci) It. painter _1494-1557 Poole, Ernest US nov.; 1st recipient of Pulitzer Prize for novel 1918 (Pulitzer Prize for fiction after 1948) _1880-1950 Pope, Alexander (the Wasp of Twickenham) Eng. poet & satirist; wrote poems "An Essay on Criticism" 1711, "The Rape of the Lock" 1714, "The Dunciad" 1728, "An Essay on Man" 1733-1734; translated "Iliad" & "Odyssey" into verse _1688-1744 Pope, John US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1811; gov. of Arkansas territory 1829-1835 _1770-1845 Pope, John US gen. _1822-1892 Pope, John Russell US architect; designed National Gallery _1874-1937 Pope-Hennessy, John Wyndham, Sir Brit. art historian; director of Victoria & Albert Museum 1967-1973; director of British Museum 1974-1976 _1913-1994 Popov, Alexander Stepanovich Rus. electrical engineer & inventor; transmitted radio signals independently of Guglielmo Marconi 1896; considered by Soviets father of radio _1859-1906 Popov, Gavril Kharitonovich Rus. polit. & reformer; mayor of Moscow 1990-1992; resigned _1936-- Popper, Karl Raimund, Sir Brit. (Aus.-born) philos.; opposed Marxism; developed falsifiability criterion; wrote "The Logic of Scientific Discovery" 1934, "The Open Society and Its Enemies" 1945, "The Poverty of Historicism" 1957 _1902-1994 Porritt, Arthur Espie New Zealand polit.; gov-gen. of New Zealand 1967-1972 _1900-- Porson, Richard Eng. scholar _1759-1808 Portal, Charles Frederick Algernon Brit. air force marshal; directed Brit. bombing of Germany in World War II _1893-1971 Porter, Cole Albert US songwriter; wrote & composed songs "What Is This Thing Called Love?" 1929, "Night and Day" 1932, "I Get a Kick out of You" 1934, "I've Got You Under My Skin" 1936 _1892-1964 Porter, David US naval officer; father of David Dixon Porter _1780-1843 Porter, David Dixon US naval officer; son of David Porter _1813-1891 Porter, David Rittenhouse US polit.; gov. of Pennsylvania 1839-1845 _1788-1867 Porter, Gene (nee Stratton) US nov. _1868-1924 Porter, George, Sir Brit. chem.; NP Chem. 1967 _1920-- Porter, James US admin.; Secy. of War 1843-1844 _1793-1862 Porter, John Clinton US polit.; mayor of Los Angeles 1929-1933 _1872-1959 Porter, Katherine Anne US nov. & short story aut. _1894-1980 Porter, Noah US Congregational clergyman, educator, lexicographer, & philos.; pres. of Yale Univ. 1871-1886 _1811-1892 Porter, Peter Buell US polit. & soldier; Secy. of War 1828-1829 _1773-1844 Porter, Rodney Robert Brit. physiologist; NP Med. 1972 _1917-1985 Porter, William Sydney (pseud. O. Henry) US short story aut. _1862-1910 Portes [Gil], Emilio Mex. polit.; acting pres. of Mexico 1928-1930 _1891-1978 Portillo, Alvaro del Sp. Catholic bishop; leader of Opus Dei 1975-1994 _1914-1994 Portinari, Beatrice (also Bice Portinari) It. woman beloved of Dante _1266?-1290 Portland, Duke of (William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck) Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1783, 1807-1809 _1738-1809 Post, Charles William (C. W. Post) US cereal industrialist & inventor; founder & eponym of Postum Cereal Co. Ltd. 1897 (later General Foods Corp. after 1922); developed cereals Grape Nuts 1897, Post Toasties 1904; suicide _1854-1914 Post, Emily (nee Price) US authority on etiquette _1872-1960 Post, George Browne US architect; designed New York Stock Exchange Building _1837-1913 Post, Wiley US aviator; made 1st solo round-the-world flight 1933; died in airplane crash with Will Rogers _1900-1935 Potemkin, Grigori Alexandrovich Rus. marshal & polit.; favorite of Catherine II; fought in 1st Russo-Turkish War 1768-1774; fought in 2nd Russo-Turkish War 1787-1792 _1739-1791 Potgieter, Andries Hendrik S. African Boer polit.; 1st head of state of Potchefstroom 1840-1845; 1st head of state of Zoutpansberg 1845-1852 _1792-1852 Potgieter, Peter Johannes S. African Boer polit.; acting head of state of Zoutpansberg 1852-1854; son of Andries Potgieter _1822-1854 Potiorek, Oskar Aus. admin.; Aus. gov. of Bosnia & Herzegovina 1911-1914 _1853-1933 Potok, Chaim US aut.; wrote novels "The Chosen" 1967, "The Promise" 1969, "My Name is Asher Lev" 1972, "Davita's Harp" 1985, "The Gift of Asher Lev" 1990, "I Am the Clay" 1992 _1929-- Potter, [Helen] Beatrix Brit. juvenile aut. & illustrator _1866-1943 Potter, Dennis Christopher George Brit. dram. & television screenwriter _1935-1994 Potter, Paul (also Paulus Potter) Dutch painter _1625-1654 Pottier, Eugene Edine Fr. Communist, songwriter, & transport worker; wrote Communist anthem "Internationale" _1816-1887 Pottinger, Henry Eldred, Sir Brit. colonial admin. & gen.; 1st Brit. gov. of Hong Kong 1843-1844; gov. of Cape Colony 1847; 1st high commissioner for S. Africa 1847 _1789-1856 Poulenc, Francois Fr. composer; member of Les Six _1899-1963 Poulson, Norris US polit.; mayor of Los Angeles 1953-1961 _1895-1982 Pound, Ezra Weston Loomis US poet; founder of Imagist movement; wrote poetry collection "Cantos" 1925; mentor of T. S. Eliot _1885-1972 Pound, Roscoe US jurist; wrote "Outlines of Lectures on Jurisprudence" 1914, "The Spirit of the Common Law" 1921, "Law and Morals" 1924, "Criminal Justice in America" 1930 _1870-1964 Poussin, Nicolas Fr. Baroque painter; created paintings "The Deluge", "The Rape of the Sabines", "Golden Calf", "Triumph of Truth" _1594-1665 Powell, Adam Clayton Jr. US polit. _1908-1972 Powell, Cecil Frank Brit. phys.; NP Phys. 1950 _1903-1969 Powell, Colin Luther US gen.; national security advisor 1986-1989; chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1989-1993 _1937-- Powell, Earl (Bud) US jazz musician & pianist _1924-1966 Powell, Eleanor US tap dancer _1912-1982 Powell, John Wesley US ethnologist, explorer, & geologist; director of US Geological Survey 1881-1894 _1834-1902 Powell, Joseph Lester (Jody) US admin.; White House press secretary 1977-1981 _1943-- Powell, Lewis (Lewis Paine, Lewis Payne, Lewis Wood) US conspirator with John Wilkes Booth; attempted assassin of William Seward 1865; executed _1845-1865 Powell, Lewis Franklin Jr. US jurist; Supr. Ct. justice 1971-1987; wrote decisions for Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke 1978, Batson v. Kentucky 1986 _1907-- Powell, Richard (Dick) US actor & singer _1904-1963 Power, Tyrone III US movie actor _1914-1958 Powers, Francis Gary US pilot; shot down over Soviet Union 1960 _1929-1977 Powers, Hiram US sculptor _1805-1873 Powhatan (Wa-hun-sen-a-cawh, Wa-hun-son-a-cock) Algonquin chief; founder & eponym of Powhatan confederacy; father of Pocahontas _1550-1618 Powys, John Cowper Eng. aut. & critic _1872-1963 Poynting, John Henry Eng. phys.; developer & eponym of Poynting vector _1852-1914 Pozharski, Dmitri Mikhailovich Rus. gen. & prince; liberated Russia from Poland 1612; Rus. tsar 1612-1613 _1578-1641 Prabhakaran, Vellupillai Sri Lankan Tamil terrorist leader; founder & leader of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 1972 _1954?-- Prabhupada (A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada; orig. Abhay Charan Dey) Indian cult leader in US; founded International Society for Krishna Consciousness (Hare Krishnas) 1966 _1896-1977 Prado [y Ugarteche], Manuel Peruvian banker & polit.; pres. of Peru 1939-1945, 1956-1962 _1889-1967 Prandtl, Ludwig Ger. phys.; pioneer of aerodynamics; eponym of Prandtl number _1875-1953 Prasad, Rajendra Indian nationalist & polit.; 1st pres. of India 1950-1962; helped draft Indian constitution _1884-1963 Pratapa Simha [Shah] (Rana Pratap) king of Nepal 1775-1777; son of Prithvi Narayana _17XX-1777 Pratt, Edwin John Can. poet _1883-1964 Pratt, William Veazie US adm.; pres. of Naval War College 1925-1927; chief of naval operations 1930-1933 _1869-1957 Praxiteles Gk. sculptor in Athens _3XXb Prebisch, Raul Argentine economist; 1st director of UN Conference on Trade & Development 1964-1969 (UNCTAD) _1901-1986 Preble, Edward US naval officer _1761-1807 Pregl, Fritz Aus. chem.; NP Chem. 1923 _1869-1930 Prelog, Vladimir Swi. (Yugoslavian-born) chem.; NP Chem. 1975 _1906-- Premadasa, Ranasinghe Sri Lankan polit.; prime min. of Sri Lanka 1978-1989; pres. of Sri Lanka 1989-1993; assassinated _1924-1993 Prendergast, Edmond Francis US (Irish-born) archbishop; archbishop of Philadelphia 1911-1918 _1843-1918 Prendergast, Maurice Brazil US Post-Impressionist watercolor painter; member of The Eight _1861?-1924 Prendergast, Patrick Eugene Joseph US assassin of Carter Harrison _1868-1894 Preradovic, Paula Aus. songwriter; wrote Aus. national anthem (adopted 1951) _1887-1951 Prescott, Samuel US patriot in American Revolution; accompanied Paul Revere on Revere's ride 1775 _1751-1777? Prescott, William Hickling US historian _1796-1859 Presley, Elvis Aron (the King, the King of Rock) US rock singer _1935-1977 Presley, Lisa Marie (Mrs. Lisa Marie Presley-Jackson) US daughter of Elvis Presley & Priscilla Presley; wife of Michael Jackson 1994 _1968-- Presley, Priscilla Beaulieu (nee Wagner; orig. Priscilla Ann Wagner) US actress; starred in movies "The Naked Gun" 1988, "The Naked Gun 2 1/2" 1991, "The Naked Gun 33 1/3" 1994; wife of Elvis Presley 1967; divorced 1973 _1945-- Press, Frank US geophysicist & phys.; presidential science advisor 1977-1980 _1924-- Presser, Jackie US labor leader; pres. of Teamsters 1983-1988 _1926-1988 Pressler, Larry Lee US Rep. polit.; Senator from S. Dakota 1979-- _1942-- Preston, James Patton US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1816-1819; brother-in-law of John Floyd; uncle of James McDowell; uncle of John Buchanan Floyd _1774-1853 Preston, Lewis Thompson US banker; pres. of World Bank 1991-- _1926-- Preston, William Ballard US polit.; Secy. of Navy 1849-1850 _1805-1862 Pretorius, Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus S. African Boer gen. & polit.; 1st head of state of Natalia 1838-1842; head of state of Potchefstroom 1848-1853; father of Martinius Pretorius _1799-1853 Pretorius, Martinius Wessels S. African Boer polit.; last head of state of Potchefstroom 1853-1856; 1st pres. of Transvaal 1857-1860, 1864-1871; pres. of Orange Free State 1859-1863; joint head of state of Transvaal 1880-1883 _1819-1901 Preus, Jacob Aall Ottesen (Jake) US polit.; gov. of Minnesota 1921-1925; father of Jacob Preus _1883-1961 Preus, Jacob Aall Ottesen US Lutheran clergyman; pres. of Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod 1969-1981; son of Jake Preus _1920-1994 Preval, Rene Haitian dissident & polit.; prime min. of Haiti 1991 _1943-- Previn, Andre (orig. Andreas Ludwig Priwin) US (Ger.-born) composer, conductor, & pianist; conducted Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra 1984-1989; conducted Royal Philharmonic 1987-1992; husband of Mia Farrow 1970; divorced 1979 _1929-- Prevost, Abbe (Antoine Francois Prevost d'Exiles) Fr. abbot & nov. _1697-1763 Prevost, Marcel Fr. aut. & dram. _1862-1941 Price, Charles Melvin US polit.; chairman of House Armed Services Committee 1975-1985 _1905-1988 Price, George Cadle Belizean nationalist & polit.; first minister of Belize 1961-1964; only premier of Belize 1964-1981; 1st independent prime min. of Belize 1981-1984, 1989--; father of Belizean independence _1919-- Price, Hugh Bernard US activist; pres. of National Urban League 1994-- _1941-- Price, Irving US toy manufacturer; co-founder & co-eponym of Fischer-Price Toys 1930 _1884-1976 Price, James Hubert US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1938-1942 _1878-1943 Price, [Mary] Leontyne US soprano opera singer _1927-- Price, Sterling US-Confederate army officer & polit.; gov. of Missouri 1853-1857 _1809-1867 Price, Vincent Leonard US horror actor & television host _1911-1993 Pride, Thomas Eng. polit. _16XX-1658 Pridi (Nai Pridi Phanomyong) Siamese polit.; regent of Siam 1944-1946; nephew of Rangsit _1900-1983 Priest, [James] Percy (J. Percy Priest) US polit.; House majority whip 1949-1953 _1900-1956 Priestley, Jason US (Can.-born) television actor _1969-- Priestley, John Boynton (J. B. Priestley) Eng. critic, dram., & nov. _1894-1984 Priestley, Joseph Eng. chem. & clergyman; discovered element oxygen _1733-1804 Prieto, Joaquin Chilean gen. & polit.; 1st pres. of Chile 1831-1840, 1840-1841 _1786-1854 Prigogine, Ilya Romanovich Belgian-US (Rus.-born) chem. & phys.; NP Chem. 1977 _1917-- Prima, Louis US musician _1912-1978 Primaticcio, Francesco It. artist _1503-1570 Primo de Rivera [y Orbaneja], Miguel Sp. polit.; dictator & prime min. of Spain 1923-1930 _1870-1930 Prince (orig. Prince Rogers Nelson; the Purple One, the Artist Formerly Known as Prince, TAFKAP) US rock singer _1958-- Princip, Gavrilo Serbian assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand _1893-1918 Principi, Anthony US admin.; Secy. of Veterans Affairs 1992-1993 _19XX-- Prio [Socarras], Carlos Cuban polit.; pres. of Cuba 1948-1952 _1903-1977 Prior, Matthew Eng. diplomat & poet _1664-1721 Priscian (Priscianus Caesariensis) Rom. Latin grammarian _4XX-5XX Pritchett, Henry Smith US astronomer & educator; pres. of MIT 1900-1906 _1857-1939 Prithvi [Bir Bikrama Shamshir Jang Bahadur Shah] king of Nepal 1881-1911; grandson of Surendra _1875-1911 Prithvi Narayana [Shah], Sri (Sri Nepala Sarkar) Gurkha rajah 1742-1775?; king of Nepal 1768-1775?; 1st king of unified Nepal _1723?-1775? Proclus Gk. Neoplatonic philos. & theol. _410?-485 Procopius Byzantine historian _5XX Procter, William Cooper US (Brit.-born) candlemaker & industrialist; co-founder & co-eponym of Procter & Gamble Co. 1837 _1862-1934 Proctor, Redfield Sr. US businessman & polit.; gov. of Vermont 1878-1880; Secy. of War 1889-1891 _1831-1908 Profumo, John Dennis Brit. admin.; Brit. army secy. 1960-1963; resigned in security scandal (Profumo affair) _1915-- Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich Rus. (Austr.-born) phys.; NP Phys. 1964 _1916-- Prokofiev, Sergei Sergeyevich Rus. composer _1891-1953 Promyslov, Vladimir Fyodorovich Rus. Soviet Communist polit.; mayor of Moscow 1963-1986; ousted by Mikhail Gorbachev _1908-1993 Propertius, Sextus Rom. poet _0XXb-015b? Propp, Vladimir Yakovlevich Rus. folklorist; developed structural theory of folk tales _1895-1970 Protagoras Gk. philos.; 1st sophist _485b?-421b? Protic, Stojan Yugoslavian polit.; prime min. of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes 1918-1919, 1920 _1857-1923 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph Fr. anarchist & political philos.; father of anarchism _1809-1865 Proulx, [Edna] Annie (E. Annie Proulx) US nov.; wrote novel "The Shipping News" 1993 _1935-- Proust, Marcel Fr. nov.; wrote novels "Jean Santeuil" 1899, 7-book "The Rememberance of Things Past" (also "A la Recherche du Temps Perdu") _1871-1922 Proxmire, William US Dem. polit.; Senator from Wisconsin 1957-1989; chairman of Senate Banking, Housing, & Urban Affairs Committee 1975-1981, 1987-1989; instituted Golden Fleece Awards to condemn wasteful federal spending _1915-- Prudentius Clemens, Aurelius Latin Christian poet _348-410? Prud'hon, Pierre Paul Fr. Romantic painter _1758-1823 Prynne, William Eng. Puritan propagandist _1600-1669 Pryor, David Hampton US Dem. polit.; gov. of Arkansas 1975-1979; Senator from Arkansas 1979-- _1934-- Pryor, Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas US movie actor & comedian _1940-- Przemyslav II Pol. king 1295-1296 _1257-1296 Przhevalski, Nikolai Mikhailovich Rus. explorer of Asia _1839-1888 Psaila, Dun Karm Maltese poet; wrote Maltese national anthem "Innu Malta" (also "Hymn of Malta"; adopted 1941) _1871-1961 Ptolemy I (Ptolemy Soter) Macedonian conqueror & gen. under Alexander the Great; king of Egypt 323b-285b; founded Ptolemid dynasty; made Alexandria capital & cultural center; founded Library of Alexandria; adbicated _367b?-283b Ptolemy II (Ptolemy Philadelphus) king of Egypt 285b-246b; ordered construction of lighthouse of Alexandria; ordered translation of Bible into Gk. (Septuagint); son of Ptolemy I _309b-246b Ptolemy III (Ptolemy Euergetes) king of Egypt 246b-221b; son of Ptolemy II _282b?-221b Ptolemy IV (Ptolemy Philopator) king of Egypt 221b-203b; son of Ptolemy III _244b?-203b Ptolemy V (Ptolemy Epiphanes) king of Egypt 203b-181b; subject of laudatory inscriptions on Rosetta stone; murdered _210b?-181b Ptolemy VI (also Ptolemy VII; Ptolemy Philometor) king of Egypt 181b-145b; ruled under regency 181b-173b; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VII 170b-164b; ruled only Cyrene 163b-145b; killed; son of Ptolemy V _186b?-145b Ptolemy VII (also Ptolemy IX; Ptolemy Euergetes II, Physcon) king of Egypt 145b-116b; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI 170b-164b; brother of Ptolemy VI; son of Ptolemy V _184b?-116b Ptolemy VIII (also Ptolemy X; Ptolemy Soter II, Lathyrus) king of Egypt 116b-108b, 088b-080b; expelled by mother & brother 108b-088b; son of Ptolemy VII _1XXb-080b Ptolemy IX (also Ptolemy XI; Ptolemy Alexander I) king of Egypt 108b-088b; overthrew Ptolemy VIII 108b; brother of Ptolemy VIII; son of Ptolemy VII; killed _1XXb-088b Ptolemy X (also Ptolemy XII; Ptolemy Alexander II) king of Egypt 080b; last of legitimate male Ptolemids; killed by mob; son of Ptolemy IX _105b?-080b Ptolemy XI (also Ptolemy XIII; Ptolemy Philopator Neos Dionysos, Auletes) king of Egypt 080b-051b; illegitimate son of Ptolemy VIII _095b?-051b Ptolemy XII (also Ptolemy XIV) king of Egypt 051b-048b; ruled jointly with, & overthrown by, Cleopatra VII; husband & brother of Cleopatra VII _061b-048b Ptolemy XIII (also Ptolemy XV) king of Egypt 047b-044b; ruled jointly with, & murdered by, Cleopatra VII; brother of Cleopatra VII _058b?-044b Ptolemy XIV (also Ptolemy XVI; Ptolemy Philopator Philometor Caesar, Caesarion) king of Egypt 044b?-030b; ruled jointly with Cleopatra VII; son of Julius Caesar & Cleopatra VII; killed by Augustus after battle of Actium 031b _047b-030b Ptolemy Apion king of Cyrene 116b-096b; ruled under protection of Rome; illegitimate son of Ptolemy VII _1XXb-096b Ptolemy Eupator (also Ptolemy VI) king of Egypt 181b; overthrown & killed by Ptolemy VII; son of Ptolemy V _191b?-181b Ptolemy Keraunos (also Ceraunus, Ptolemy Ceraunus) king of Macedonia 280b-279b; murdered Seleucus I Nicator; killed by Gauls; son of Ptolemy I Soter _3XXb-279b Ptolemy [of Alexandria] (Claudius Ptolemaeus) Gk. geocentric astronomer, geographer, & math.; wrote "Almagest"; estimated size of Earth _1XX Puccini, Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria It. operatic composer; composed operas "Manon Lescaut" 1893, "La Boheme" 1896, "Tosca" 1900, "Madame Butterfly" 1900, "The Girl of the Golden West" 1910, "Turandot" 1926 _1858-1924 Puckett, Kirby US baseball player; played for Minnesota Twins 1984-- _1961-- Pueyrredon, Jose Martin de Argentine polit.; head of state of Argentina 1816-1819; 1st head of state of independent Argentina _1777-1850 Pugachev, Emelian Ivanovich (also Yemelyan Pugachov) Rus. Cossack imposter & rebel; pretended to be Peter III; led peasant rebellion; executed _1726-1775 Puget, Pierre Fr. Baroque artist & sculptor _1620-1694 Pugo, Boris Karlovich Latvian (Rus.-born) Soviet gen. & Communist polit.; Soviet interior minister 1990-1991; member of anti-Gorbachev putsch 1991; suicide _1937-1991 Puig, Manuel Argentine nov.; wrote novels "Betrayed By Rita Hayworth" 1968, "Heartbreak Tango" 1970, "The Buenos Aires Affair" 1973, "Kiss of the Spider Woman" 1976, "Pubis Angelical" 1979, "Blood of Requited Love" 1984 _1932-1990 Pulaski, Casimir (also Kazimierz Pulaski) Pol. gen.; fought in American Revolution _1748?-1779 Pulitzer, Joseph US (Hung.-born) journalist & polit.; established Pulitzer Prizes _1847-1911 Pulitzer, Joseph Jr. US newspaper editor & publisher; son of Joseph Pulitzer _1913-1993 Puller, Lewis Burwell (Chesty) US Marine Corps gen. & hero _1898-1971 Puller, Lewis Burwell Jr. US autobiographer & soldier; wrote "Fortunate Son: the Healing of a Vietnam Vet" 1991; suicide; son of Chesty Puller _1945-1994 Pullman, George Mortimer US inventor _1831-1897 Pupin, Michael Idvorsky US (Yugoslavian-born) inventor & phys. _1858-1935 Purcell, Edward Mills US phys.; co-discovered nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR; also MRI) with Felix Bloch; NP Phys. 1952 _1912-- Purcell, Henry Eng. composer _1659-1695 Purcell, John Baptist US (Irish-born) archbishop; last bishop of Cincinnati 1832-1850; 1st archbishop of Cincinnati 1850-1883 _1800-1883 Purchas, Samuel Eng. compiler of travel books _1577?-1626 Purkinje, Johannes Evangelista (also Johannes Purkyne) Czechoslovakian anatomist, patriot, & physiologist _1787-1869 Purvis, Melvin US lawman & FBI agent; killed John Dillinger & Pretty Boy Floyd _1903-1960 Pusey, Edward Bouverie Eng. theol. of Oxford movement _1800-1882 Pusey, Nathan Marsh US educator; pres. of Harvard Univ. 1953-1971 _1907-- Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich Rus. national poet; wrote poems "Boris Godunov" 1825, "Eugene Onegin" 1831 (also "Yevgeny Onegin"), "The Bronze Horseman" 1833, story "The Queen of Spades" 1834; killed in duel _1799-1837 Putashali regent of Mongol Empire 1332-1333; wife of Tog Temur Khan _13XX Putnam, George Palmer US publisher; grandfather of George Palmer Putnam _1814-1872 Putnam, George Palmer US publisher; grandson of George Palmer Putnam; husband of Amelia Earhart 1931 _1887-1950 Putnam, [George] Herbert US admin.; librarian of Congress 1899-1939 _1861-1955 Putnam, Israel US gen. in American Revolution _1718-1790 Putnam, Rufus US gen. in American Revolution; cousin of Israel Putnam _1738-1824 Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre Cecile Fr. mural painter _1824-1898 Pu Yi (also P'u-i; Hsuan T'ung; Henry Pu-Yi; K'ang Te) last emperor of China 1908-1912; abdicated; temporarily restored as emperor of China 1917 _1906-1967 Puzo, Mario US nov. & screenwriter; wrote novel "The Godfather" 1969, co-wrote screenplays "The Godfather" 1972, "The Godfather, Part II" 1974, wrote screenplays "Superman" 1978, "The Godfather, Part III" 1990 _1920-- Pye, Henry James Eng. poet; Brit. poet laureate 1790-1813 _1745-1813 Pyle, Ernest Taylor (Ernie) US journalist _1900-1945 Pym, Francis Leslie, Baron Brit. polit.; Brit. defense secy. 1979-1981; Brit. foreign secy. 1982-1983 _1922-- Pym, John Eng. polit. _1584-1643 Pynchon, Thomas Ruggles Jr. US nov.; wrote novels "V" 1963, "The Crying of Lot 49" 1966, "Gravity's Rainbow" 1973, "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna" 1976, "Low-Lands" 1978, "Vineland" 1989 _1937-- Pyrrhus king of Epirus 306b-302b, 297b-272b; killed by mob; source of phrase "Pyrrhic victory" _319b-272b Pythagoras Gk. math., mystic, philos., & sci. _582b?-507b?