Gable, [William] Clark US movie actor; starred in movies "It Happened One Night" 1934, "Gone With the Wind" 1939 _1901-1960 Gabo, Naum (orig. Naum Neemia Pevsner) US (Rus.-born) sculptor _1890-1977 Gabor, Dennis Brit. (Hung.-born) phys.; inventor of holography; NP Phys. 1971 _1900-1979 Gabor, Zsa Zsa (orig. Sari Gabor) US (Hung.-born) actress _1919-- Gaboriau, Emile Fr. mystery nov.; wrote novels "L'Affaire Lerouge" 1866, "Dossier 113" 1867, "Monsieur Lecoq" 1869 _1835-1873 Gabriel, Peter Eng. rock musician & singer; co-founder & member of Genesis 1966-1975 _1950-- Gabrieli, Giovanni It. composer _1556?-1612 Gacy, John Wayne US mass murderer; murdered thirty-three people 1972-1978; executed _1942-1994 Gadolin, Johan Finnish chem. & mineralogist; source of word "gadolinium" _1760-1852 Gadsden, James US army officer & diplomat; eponym of Gadsden Purchase 1854 _1788-1858 Gaedel, Edward Carl (Eddie) US baseball player & midget; played one game for St. Louis Cardinals 1951 _1925-1961 Gaffky, Georg Theodor August Ger. bacteriologist; isolated typhoid fever bacillus 1884 _1850-1918 Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich Rus. Soviet cosmonaut; 1st human in space, 1st human to orbit Earth 1961 _1934-1968 Gage, Henry Tifft US polit.; gov. of California 1899-1903 _1852-1924 Gage, Lyman Judson US banker; Secy. of Treasury 1897-1902 _1836-1927 Gage, Thomas Brit. gen. & colonial gov. in America _1721-1787 Gaidar, Yegor Timurovich (also Yegor Gaydar) Rus. polit. & economic reformer _1956-- Gailis, Maris Latvian polit.; prime min. of Latvia 1994-- _1951-- Gaillard, David DuBose US army officer & engineer _1859-1913 Gaillard, Felix Fr. polit.; prime min. of France 1957-1958 _1919-1970 Gaillard, John US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1810, 1814, 1817, 1818, 1820, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825 _1765-1826 Gaines, Edmund Pendleton US gen. _1777-1849 Gaines, William US magazine publisher; founded Mad magazine _1922-1992 Gainsborough, Thomas Eng. portrait painter _1727-1788 Gaitskell, Hugh Todd Naylor Eng. financial admin. & polit.; led Labor Party 1955-1963 _1906-1963 Gaius Rom. jurist _130?-180? Gaius (also Caius) Dalmatian martyr, saint, & pope 283-296 _2XX-296 Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton US virologist; NP Med. 1976 _1923-- Galba, Servius Sulpicius Rom. emperor 068-069 _003b-069 Galbraith, John Kenneth US (Can.-born) admin. & economist; US ambassador to India 1961-1963 _1908-- Gale, Anthony US (Irish-born) Marine Corps officer; commandant of Marine Corps 1819-1820 _17XX-1843 Gale, Zona US aut. & journalist; wrote play "Miss Lulu Bett" 1920 _1874-1938 Galen Gk. aut. & physician _129-199? Galerius (Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus) Rom. emperor 305-311 _2XX-311 Galich, Alexander Arkadyevich (orig. Alexander Ginzburg) Rus. songwriter & singer of ballads _1918-1977 Galileo Galilei It. astronomer, heliocentrist, & phys.; father of the scientific method; discovered Galilean moons of Jupiter 1610, features on lunar surface; wrote "Dialogue on the Two Great World Systems" 1632 _1564-1642 Galland, Antoine Fr. orientalist & translator _1646-1715 Gallatin, [Abraham Alfonse] Albert US (Swi.-born) diplomat & polit.; Secy. of Treasury 1801-1814 _1761-1849 Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins US educator of the deaf _1787-1851 Galli-Curci, Amelita (nee Galli) US (It.-born) soprano _1889-1963 Gallieni, Joseph Simon Fr. colonial admin. & gen. _1849-1916 Gallienus, Publius Licinius Valerianus Egnatius Rom. emperor 253-268 _2XX-268 Gallinger, Jacob Harold US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1912, 1913 _1837-1918 Gallup, George Horace US statistician & pollster _1901-1984 Galois, Evariste Fr. math.; pioneer of set theory; killed in duel _1811-1832 Galsworthy, John Eng. dram. & nov.; wrote trilogy "The Forsyte Saga" (novels "The Man of Property" 1906, "In Chancery" 1920, "To Let" 1921"), plays "Justice" 1910, "The Skin Game" 1920; NP Lit. 1932 _1867-1933 Galt, John Scot. nov. & colonizer of Canada; wrote novels "The Ayrshire Legatees" 1820, "The Annals of the Parish" 1821 _1779-1839 Galtieri, Leopold Fortunato Argentine polit.; pres. of Argentina 1981-1982; invaded Falkland Islands; overthrown & imprisoned _1926-- Galton, Francis, Sir Eng. anthropologist, biometrician, & statistician; cousin of Charles Darwin _1822-1911 Galvani, Luigi It. phys. & physician; discovered animal electricity through experiments with frogs _1737-1798 Galvez, Jose Sp. colonial admin. & jurist _1729-1787 Galvin, John Rogers US gen.; Supreme Allied Commander in Europe 1987-1992 (SACEUR) _1929-- Galvin, Paul Vincent US electronics industrialist; founded Motorola Inc. 1928 _1895-1959 Gama, Vasco da Port. explorer; 1st European to sail around Cape of Good Hope to Asia 1498; founded Port. colony in Mozambique 1502 _1460?-1524 Gamarra, Augustin Peruvian gen. & polit.; pres. of Peru 1829-1833, 1839-1841; 1st pres. of Rep. of Peru _1785-1841 Gambetta, Leon Michel Fr. lawyer & polit. _1838-1882 Gamble, James Norris US (Irish-born) soapmaker & industrialist; co-founder & co-eponym of Procter & Gamble Co. 1837; developed Ivory soap _1836-1932 Gamelin, Maurice Gustave Fr. gen.; fought in World War I & World War II _1872-1958 Gamsakhurdia, Zviad Konstantinovich Georgian polit.; pres. of Georgia 1991-1992; overthrown; suicide _1939-1993? Gandhi, Indira Priyadarshini (nee Nehru) Indian polit.; prime min. of India 1966-1977, 1980-1984; assassinated; daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru _1917-1984 Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Indian ascetic & nationalist leader; assassinated _1869-1948 Gandhi, Rajiv Ratna Indian polit.; prime min. of India 1984-1989; assassinated; son of Indira Gandhi; grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru _1904-1991 Gandhi, Sanjay Indian polit.; died in airplane crash; son & appointed successor of Indira Gandhi; grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru _1946-1980 Ganev, Dimiter Bulgarian Communist polit.; pres. of Bulgaria 1958-1964 _1898-1964 Ganilau, Ratu Sir Penaia Fijian polit.; last gov-gen. of Fiji 1983-1987; 1st pres. of Fiji 1987-1993; cousin of Ratu Sir George Cakobau _1918-1993 Gans, Joseph (Joe; the Old Master; orig. Joseph Gaines) US boxer; lightweight boxing champion 1902-1908 _1874-1910 Garamond, Claude (also Claude Garamont) Fr. type manufacturer _1480?-1561 Garand, John Cantius US (Can.-born) gun inventor; inventor & eponym of Garand rifle (M-1) _1888-1974 Garbo, Greta (orig. Greta Lovisa Gustafsson) US (Swed.-born) movie actress _1905-1990 Garbuzov, Vasily Fyodorovich Rus. Soviet admin.; Soviet finance minister 1960-1985 _1911-1985 Garcia, Carlos Polestico Philippine polit.; pres. of Philippines 1957-1961 _1896-1971 Garcia [Lanza], Jose Miguel Bolivian polit. & revolutionary; acting 1st pres. of Bolivia 1825 _1781-1828 Garcia [Menocal], Mario Cuban gen. & polit.; pres. of Cuba 1913-1921 _1868-1941 Garcia Guiterrez, Antonio Sp. dram. & poet; wrote plays "El Trovador" 1836, "Venganza catalana" 1864, "Juan Lorenzo" 1865 _1813-1884 Garcia Iniguez, Calixto Cuban revolutionary _1839-1898 Garcia Lorca, Federico Sp. dram. & poet; wrote poetry collection "Gypsy Ballads" 1928, poem "Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter" 1935, plays "The House of Bernarda Alba" 1936, "Blood Wedding" 1938; executed by Falangists _1898-1936 Garcia Marquez, Gabriel Jose Colombian aut.; wrote novels "No One Writes to the Colonel" 1961, "One Hundred Years of Solitude" 1967, "Chronicle of a Death Foretold" 1981, "The General in his Labyrinth" 1989; NP Lit. 1982 _1928-- Garcia Robles, Alfonso Mex. diplomat & disarmament advocate; negotiated Treaty of Tlatelolco; NP Peace 1982 _1911-1991 Garcilaso de la Vega (El Inca) Peruvian historian _1539-1616 Garden, Alexander US (Scot.-born) botanist; source of word "gardenia" _1730?-1791 Garden, Mary US (Scot.-born) soprano _1874-1967 Gardiner, Anthony William Liberian (US-born) polit.; pres. of Liberia 1878-1883 _18XX-1883 Gardiner, Samuel Rawson Eng. historian; wrote "History of England from the Accession of James I to the Restoration" 1863-1902, "The Student's History of England" 1890-1892 _1829-1902 Gardiner, Stephen Eng. polit. & Catholic prelate _1482?-1555 Gardner, Booth US polit.; gov. of Washington 1985-1993 _1936-- Gardner, Erle Stanley (pseud. A. A. Fair) US lawyer & mystery aut.; created character Perry Mason 1932; wrote novel "The Case of the Velvet Claws" 1933 _1889-1970 Gardner, Henry Joseph US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1855-1858 _1819-1892 Gardner, Isabella Stewart US art collector & philanthropist; endower & eponym of Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum _1840-1924 Gardner, John Champlin Jr. US aut. & critic; wrote "The Complete Works of the Gawain Poet" 1965, "The Poetry of Chaucer" 1976, novel "Grendel" 1971 _1933-1982 Gardner, John William US admin.; Secy. of HEW 1965-1968 _1912-- Gardner, Martin US logician, math., puzzle constructor, & popularizer of logic & mathematics _1914-- Gardner, Randy US figure skater; partner of Tai Babilonia _1958-- Garfield, Harry Augustus US educator & political sci.; pres. of Williams College 1908-1934; son of James Garfield _1863-1942 Garfield, James Abram US gen. & polit.; pres. of Hiram College 1857-1861; 20th pres. of US 1881; assassinated _1831-1881 Garfield, James Rudolph US admin.; Secy. of Interior 1907-1909; son of James Abram Garfield _1865-1950 Garfield, Lucretia (nee Rudolph) US wife of James Abram Garfield 1858 _1832-1918 Garfunkel, Arthur (Art) US singer; collaborator with Paul Simon _1942-- Garibaldi, Giuseppe It. (Fr.-born) hero, soldier, & patriot of Risorgimento movement _1807-1882 Garland, Augustus Hill US polit.; gov. of Arkansas 1874-1877; Atty. Gen. 1885-1889 _1832-1899 Garland, [Hannibal] Hamlin US aut.; wrote short story collections "Main Travelled Roads" 1887, "Prairie Folks" 1892, novels "A Son of the Middle Border" 1917, "A Daughter of the Middle Border" 1921 _1860-1940 Garland, Judy (orig. Frances Gumm) US actress & singer; mother of Liza Minelli _1922-1969 Garn, Edwin Jacob (Jake) US polit.; chairman of Senate Banking, Housing, & Urban Affairs Committee 1981-1987; 1st Congressman in space 1985 _1932-- Garneau, [Joseph Jean Pierre] Marc Can. astronaut; 1st Canadian in space 1984 _1949-- Garner, James (orig. James Bumgarner) US movie actor _1928-- Garner, John Nance US polit.; House minority leader 1929-1931; Speaker of the House 1931-1933; vice-pres. of US 1933-1941 _1868-1967 Garnerin, Andre Jacques Fr. balloon aviatior; made 1st parachute descent from balloon 1797 _1769-1823 Garnett, Constance (nee Black) Eng. translator _1862-1946 Garrett, Finis James US polit.; House majority leader 1923-1929 _1875-1956 Garrett, H. Lawrence III US admin.; secy. of navy 1989-1992 _1939-- Garrett, Patrick Floyd US sheriff; captured Billy the Kid 1880; killed Billy the Kid _1850-1908 Garrick, David Eng. actor _1717-1779 Garrison, Jim (orig. Earling Carothers Garrison) US lawyer & conspiracy theorist; investigated assassination of John F. Kennedy _1922-1992 Garrison, Lindley Miller US admin.; Secy. of War 1913-1916 _1864-1932 Garrison, William Lloyd US abolitionist & editor; founded abolitionist newspaper "Liberator" 1831; co-founder & pres. of Anti-Slavery Society 1843-1865; supported separation of N. and S. US _1805-1879 Garshin, Vsevolod Mikhailovich Rus. aut.; wrote short story "The Red Flower" 1883 _1855-1888 Garvey, Marcus Moziah Jamaican black leader; advocated black repatriation to Africa; founded Universal Negro Improvement Association 1911 _1887-1940 Gary, Elbert Henry US steel businessman; chairman of U.S. Steel Corp. 1910-1927 _1846-1927 Gary, James Albert US industrialist; Postmaster Gen. 1897-1898 _1833-1920 Gascoigne, George Eng. poet & translator; wrote "Certain Notes of Instruction on Making of Verse" 1575 _1525?-1577 Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn (nee Stevenson) Eng. nov.; wrote novels "The Moorland Cottage" 1850, "Round the Sofa" 1859, "Sylvia's Lovers" 1863, biography "The Life of Charlotte Bronte" 1857 _1810-1865 Gassendi, Pierre Fr. philos. & sci.; revived atomism; opposed philosophy of Descartes _1592-1655 Gasser, Herbert Spencer US physiologist; NP Med. 1944 _1888-1963 Gaston, William US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1875-1876 _1820-1894 Gately, George (pseud. of Gallagher Gately) US cartoonist; created Heathcliff 1973 _1928-- Gates, Daryl Francis US police admin.; police chief of Los Angeles 1978-1992; resigned over Rodney King beating & Los Angeles riots _1926-- Gates, Horatio US gen. in American Revolution _1728?-1806 Gates, Robert Michael US admin.; director of CIA 1991-1993 _1943-- Gates, Thomas Sovereign US educator; 1st pres. of Univ. of Pennsylvania 1930-1944 _1873-1948 Gates, Thomas Sovereign Jr. US admin.; secy. of navy 1957-1958 _1906-1983 Gates, William Henry (Bill) US computer software designer & industrialist; co-founder & 1st chairman of Microsoft Corp. 1976-- _1955-- Gatling, Richard Jordan US gun inventor; inventor & eponym of 1st rapid-fire gun 1862 _1818-1903 Gatti-Casazza, Giulio It. opera manager; director of La Scala 1898-1908; director of New York Metropolitan Opera 1908-1935 _1869-1940 Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri (orig. Henri Gaudier) Fr. Vorticist sculptor; killed in World War I _1891-1915 Gauguin, [Eugene Henri] Paul Fr. Post-Impressionist painter _1848-1903 Gauss, Karl Friedrich Ger. math., phys., & prodigy; founder of modern number theory; discovered Gauss' laws of electricty & magnestism; studied asteroids _1777-1855 Gautier, [Pierre Jules] Theophile Fr. aut. of Romantic Parnassian movement; wrote novel "Mademoiselle de Maupin" 1835, poetry collection "Emaux et Camees" 1856 _1811-1872 Gaviria [Trujillo], Cesar Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1990-1994 _1947-- Gay, Edwin Francis US economist & publisher; 1st dean of Harvard Business School 1908-1919; pres. of New York Evening Post 1920-1923; conceived magazine "Foreign Affairs" _1867-1946 Gay, John Eng. dram., librettist, & poet; wrote play "Captives" 1724, operas "The Beggar's Opera" 1728, "Polly" 1728, "Achilles" 1733 _1685-1732 Gaye, Marvin (orig. Marvin Pentz Gay) US Motown singer; murdered by father _1939-1984 Gayler, Noel Arthur Meredyth US adm.; director of National Security Agency 1969-1972 (NSA) _1914-- Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis Fr. chem. & phys. _1778-1850 Gaymis, Hatun Ogul regent of Mongol Empire 1248-1251; wife of Guyug Khan _12XX-1252 Gaynor, Janet US movie actress; 1st recipient of Academy Award for best actress 1928 _1906-1984 Gaynor, William Jay US polit.; mayor of New York City 1909-1913 _1849-1913 Gayoom, Maumoon Abdul Maldivian polit.; pres. of Maldives 1978-- _1937-- Geary, John White US gen. & polit.; last alcalde of San Francisco 1849-1850; 1st mayor of San Francisco 1850-1851; gov. of Pennsylvania 1867-1873 _1819-1873 Gebbie, Kristine (nee Moore) US health admin.; 1st AIDS czar 1993-1994 _1943-- Geber (also Jabir ibn Hayyan) Arab alchemist & mystic _721?-815? Geddes, Eric Campbell, Sir Brit. admin.; Brit. first lord of the admiralty 1917-1919 _1875-1937 Geddes, Norman Bel US set designer _1893-1958 Geer, Dirk Jan de Dutch polit.; prime min. of Netherlands 1926-1929, 1939-1940 (in exiled London government 1940) _1870-1960 Geffen, David US music businessman & producer; co-produced musicals "Little Shop of Horrors", "Cats" 1982, "M. Butterfly" 1986, "Chess" 1990 _1943-- Geffrard, Nicolas Haitian songwriter; composed Haitian national anthem "La Dessalinienne" 1904 _1871-1930 Gegen Khan (Suddhipala) ruler of Mongol Empire 1320-1323; son of Buyantu Khan _1303-1323 Gehrig, Henry Louis (Lou; the Iron Horse) US baseball player; 1st baseman for New York Yankees 1925-1939; victim & eponym of Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) _1903-1941 Geiger, Abraham Ger. theol. _1810-1874 Geiger, Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Ger. phys.; inventor of Geiger counter _1882-1945 Geiger, Roy Stanley US Marine Corps aviator & gen. _1885-1947 Geikie, Archibald, Sir Scot. geologist _1835-1924 Geisel, Ernesto Brazilian gen. & polit.; pres. of Brazil 1974-1979 _1908-- Geisel, Theodor Seuss (pseud. Dr. Seuss) US aut. & illustrator; wrote "The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins" 1938, "The Cat in the Hat" 1957", "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" 1957, "Green Eggs and Ham" 1970, "The Lorax" 1971 _1904-1991 Gelasius I It. saint & pope 492-496 _4XX-496 Gelasius II It. pope 1119 _10XX-1119 Gelb, Lawrence US businessman; founded Clairol Inc. _1898?-1980 Gell-Mann, Murray US phys.; coined word "quark"; wrote "The Quark and the Jaguar" 1994; NP Phys. 1969 _1929-- Genesius Rom. saint; patron saint of actors & secretaries _2XX-286 Genet, Jean Fr. dram. & nov.; wrote novels "Our Lady of the Flowers" 1944, "Miracle of the Rose" 1946, autobiographical novel "Thief's Journal" 1949, play "The Balcony" 1956 _1910-1986 Genet, Edmond Charles Edouard Fr. diplomat in US _1763-1834 Genevieve Fr. saint; patron saint of Paris _422?-512 Genghis Khan (orig. Temujin) Mongol conqueror; chief of Qiyat clan 1189-1206; founder & 1st ruler of Mongol Empire 1206-1227 _1162?-1227 Genovese, Catherine (Kitty) US murder victim; murdered while neighbors watched _1935-1964 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich Ger. diplomat; last W. Ger. foreign minister 1974-1990; Ger. foreign minister 1990-1992 _1927-- Genseric (also Gaiseric) king of the Vandals 428-477 _4XX-477 Gentile, Giovanni It. educator, educational reformer, encyclopedist, philos., & Fascist supporter of Mussolini; assassinated _1875-1944 Gentile da Fabriano It. painter _1370?-1427 Gentileschi, Artemisia It. painter _1597?-1651? Gentileschi, Orazio Lomi It. painter _1562?-1647? Gentzen, Gerhard Ger. math.; proved consistency of number theory _1909-1945 Geoffrey of Monmouth Brit. clergyman & historian _1100?-1154 George Christian martyr & saint; patron saint of soldiers, Aragon, England, Genoa, Germany, Portugal, & Venice _2XX-303 George I (Georg Ludwig) Ger.-born Brit. king 1714-1727; 1st ruler of House of Hanover; grandson of James II _1660-1727 George II Brit. king 1727-1760; son of George I _1683-1760 George III (George William Frederick) Brit. king 1760-1820; grandson of George II _1738-1820 George IV (George Augustus Frederick) Brit. king 1820-1830; son of George III _1762-1830 George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert) Brit. king 1910-1936; emperor of India 1910-1936; 1st ruler of House of Windsor; son of Edward VII _1865-1936 George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George) Brit. king 1936-1952; last emperor of India 1936-1947; brother of Edward VIII; son of George V _1895-1952 George I Gk. king 1863-1913 _1845-1913 George II Gk. king 1922-1923, 1935-1947 _1890-1947 George Tupou I (Taufa'ahau) king of Tonga 1845-1893; 1st king of united Tonga 1865 _1797?-1893 George Tupou II king of Tonga 1893-1918; great-grandson of George Tupou I _1874-1918 George, Henry US economist _1839-1897 George, Walter Franklin US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1955-1957 _1878-1957 George, William (Bill) US football player; linebacker for Chicago Bears 1952-1965 _1930-1981 Gephardt, Richard Andrew US Dem. polit.; House majority leader 1989-- _1941-- Gerard, Balthasar Fr. assassin of William the Silent _1558-1584 Gerard, Charles Eng. royalist army officer _1618?-1694 Gerard, Etienne Maurice, Comte Fr. gen. & marshal under Napoleon _1773-1852 Gerber, Daniel Frank US baby food manufacturer; inventor of strained baby food _1898-1974 Gerbrandy, Pieter Sjoerd Dutch polit.; prime min. of Netherlands 1940-1945 in exiled London government _1885-1961 Gere, Richard US movie actor; husband of Cindy Crawford 1991 _1949-- Gergen, David Richmond US political media relations advisor _1942-- Gergonne, Joseph Diez Fr. math.; studied projective geometry; discovered principle of duality independently of Jean Victor Poncelet _1771-1859 Gerhard Danish admin.; regent of Denmark 1332-1340 _1292?-1340 Gerhard, Roberto Brit. (Sp.-born) composer; composed cycle "Astrological Series" ("Gemini", "Leo", "Libra"), ballets "Don Quixote", "Algerias", opera "The Duenna" 1948 _1896-1970 Gerhardsen, Einar Henry Norw. polit.; prime min. of Norway 1945-1951, 1955-1963, 1963-1965 _1897-1987 Gericault, [Jean Louis Andre] Theodore Fr. painter _1791-1824 Germanicus Caesar Rom. gen. _015b-019 Germer, Lester Halbert US phys.; performed Davisson-Germer experiment with Clinton Davisson _1896-1971 Gernsback, Hugo US (Luxembourg-born) inventor & science fiction magazine publisher; founded magazine Amazing Stories 1926; eponym of Hugo Award _1884-1967 Gero, Erno (also Erno Singer) Hung. Communist polit.; secy-gen. of Hung. Communist Party 1956 _1898-1980 Gerome, Jean Leon Fr. painter _1824-1904 Geronimo (also Goyathlay) Chiricahua Apache chief _1829-1909 Gerry, Elbridge US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1810-1812; vice-pres. of US 1813-1814; source of word "gerrymander" _1744-1814 Gerry, Elbridge Thomas US humanitarian & reformer; co-founded ASPCC; grandson of Elbridge Gerry _1837-1927 Gerry, Peter Goelet US polit.; Senate minority whip 1919-1929; great-grandson of Elbridge Gerry _1879-1957 Gershwin, George (orig. Jacob Gershvin) US composer & songwriter; composed "Rhapsody in Blue" 1924, songs "Someone to Watch Over Me" 1926, "Summertime" 1935, musicals "An American in Paris", "Porgy and Bess" 1935 _1898-1937 Gershwin, Ira (orig. Ira Gershvin) US lyricist & songwriter; wrote songs "Someone to Watch Over Me" 1926, "'S Wonderful" 1927, "I Got Rhythm" 1930; collaborator with & brother of George Gershwin _1896-1983 Gersonides, Levi (also Levi ben Gershom) Fr. math.; 1st to use mathematical induction in proof 1321 _1288-1344 Gerstner, Louis Vincent Jr. US businessman; pres. of American Express Co. 1985-1989; CEO & chairman of RJR Nabisco Inc. 1989-1993; chairman of IBM 1993-- _1942-- Gerulaitis, Vitas (the Lithuanian Lion) US tennis player _1954-1994 Gervin, George US basketball player _1952-- Gesell, Arnold Lucius US pioneer child psychologist _1880-1961 Gesell, Gerhard US judge; presided over Pentagon Papers, Watergate, & Irangate cases _1910-1993 Gesner, Conrad Swi. naturalist _1516-1565 Gessler, Otto Karl Ger. admin.; Ger. defense minister 1920-1928 _1875-1955 Getty, Jean Paul (J. Paul Getty) US oil industrialist _1892-1976 Getz, Stanley (Stan) US jazz musician & tenor saxophonist _1927-1991 Geulincx, Arnold (pseud. Philaretus) Belgian philos.; developed Occasionalism & doctrine of two clocks _1624-1669 Ghali, Boutros, Pasha (also Butros Ghali) Egyptian polit.; only Coptic prime min. of Egypt 1908-1910; assassinated; grandfather of Boutros Boutros-Ghali _1846-1910 Ghazali, Abu Hamid al- (also al-Ghazzali, Algazel) Arab jurist, mystic, & theol. _1058-1111 Ghelderode, Michel de Belgian dram.; wrote plays "Pantagleize" 1929, "Barabbas" 1928, "Christopher Columbus" 1927, "Chronicles of Hell" 1929 _1898-1962 Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe Romanian Communist polit.; secy-gen. of Romanian Communist Party 1945-1965; de facto ruler of Romania 1948-1965; prime min. of Romania 1952-1955; pres. of Romania 1961-1965 _1901-1965 Ghiberti, Lorenzo It. Florentine goldsmith, painter, & sculptor _1378?-1455 Ghirlandajo, Domenico (also Domenico Ghirlandaio, Domenico di Tommaso Bigordi) It. Florentine painter _1449-1494 Giacometti, Alberto Swi. artist & sculptor _1901-1966 Giaever, Ivar US (Norw.-born) phys.; studied tunneling in superconductors; NP Phys. 1973 _1929-- Giamatti, [Angelo] Bartlett (Bart; A. Bartlett Giamatti) US educator & baseball admin.; pres. of Yale Univ. 1978-1986; pres. of baseball National League 1986-1989; national baseball commissioner 1989 _1938-1989 Giannini, Amadeo Peter US banker; founded Bank of America 1904 (orig. Bank of Italy) _1870-1949 Giap, Nguyen Vo Vietnamese gen. & Communist polit.; led N. Vietnamese army in Vietnam War; directed Tet Offensive 1968 _1912-- Giauque, William Francis US (Can.-born) chem.; NP Chem. 1949 _1895-1982 Gibbon, Edward Eng. historian of Rome; wrote 5-volume history "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" 1776-1788 _1737-1794 Gibbons, James US cardinal 1886; archbishop of Baltimore 1877-1921 _1834-1921 Gibbons, John Howard (Jack) US phys.; presidential science advisor 1993-- _1929-- Gibbons, Orlando Eng. composer & organist _1538-1625 Gibbons, Samuel Melville (Sam) US polit.; acting chairman of House Ways & Means Committee 1994-- _1920-- Gibbs, James Brit. architect _1682-1754 Gibbs, Josiah Willard US chem., math., & phys.; founder of chemical thermodynamics _1839-1903 Gibran, Kahlil (also Kahlil Jibran; orig. Jubran Khalil Jubran) Lebanese artist & poet in US; wrote mystical poetry collection "The Prophet" 1923 _1883-1931 Gibson, Althea US tennis player _1927-- Gibson, Charles Dana US illustrator; creator & eponym of Gibson girl; eponym of drink gibson _1867-1944 Gibson, Garretson Warner Liberian polit.; pres. of Liberia 1900-1904 _1832-1910 Gibson, Joshua (Josh) US baseball player _1911-1947 Gibson, Mel US movie actor _1956-- Gibson, Robert (Bob) US baseball player & coach; pitcher for St. Louis Cardinals 1959-1975 _1935-- Gibson, William US admin. & dentist; chairman of NAACP 1985-- _1932?-- Gibson, William Ford US science fiction nov. in Canada; pioneer of cyberpunk fiction; wrote novels "Neuromancer" 1984, "Count Zero" 1986, "Mona Lisa Overdrive" 1988, "Virtual Light" 1993, co-wrote novel "The Difference Engine" 1990 _1948-- Gide, Andre Paul Guillaume Fr. critic, essayist, & nov.; wrote novels "The Immoralist" 1902, "The Counterfeiters" 1926 (also "Les Faux Monnayeurs"); NP Lit. 1947 _1869-1951 Gielgud, [Arthur] John, Sir Eng. actor; grandnephew of Ellen Terry _1904-- Gierek, Edward Pol. polit.; first secy. of Pol. Communist Party 1971-1980; deposed _1913-- Gieseking, Walter Wilhelm Ger. (Fr.-born) pianist _1895-1956 Giffen, Robert, Sir Eng. economist & statistician _1837-1910 Gifford, Francis Newton (Frank) US football player & sportscaster; played for New York Giants 1952-1965; husband of Kathie Lee Gifford 1986 _1930-- Gifford, Kathie Lee (nee Epstein) US (Fr.-born) television host; co-hosted show "Live with Regis and Kathie Lee" 1985-- (orig. "The Morning Show" before 1988); wife of Frank Gifford 1986 _1953-- Gifford, Walter Sherman US telephone businessman; pres. of AT&T 1925-1948 _1885-1966 Gilbert, Cass US architect; designed Supr. Ct. building _1859-1934 Gilbert, Davies (orig. Davies Giddy) Brit. engineer & polit.; pres. of Royal Society 1827-1830 _1767-1839 Gilbert, Humphrey, Sir Eng. explorer _1539?-1583 Gilbert, Walter US biochem.; NP Chem. 1980 _1932-- Gilbert, William Eng. phys. & physician; studied magnetism _1540-1603 Gilbert, William Schwenck, Sir Eng. librettist & writer of comic operettas; co-wrote with Arthur Sullivan operettas "Trial by Jury" 1875, "H. M. S. Pinafore" 1878, "The Pirates of Penzance" 1879, "The Mikado" 1885 _1836-1911 Gilbreth, Frank Bunker US efficiency & management sci.; source of word "therblig" _1868-1924 Gilchrist, Albert Waller US polit.; gov. of Florida 1909-1913 _1858-1926 Gilder, Richard Watson US editor & poet _1844-1909 Giles, William Branch US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1827-1830 _1762-1830 Gill, Moses US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1799-1800 _1734-1800 Gill, Vincent Grant (Vince) US country singer _1957-- Gill, William Henry Brit. Manx musical scholar; wrote & composed anthem of Isle of Man "Arrane Ashoonagh Dy Vannin" _1839-1922 Gilles de la Tourette, Georges Edouard Albert Brutus Fr. physician; eponym of [Gilles de la] Tourette's syndrome _1859-1904 Gillespie, John Birks (Dizzy Gillespie) US bandleader, composer, jazz musician, & trumpeter; developer of bebop _1917-1993 Gillett, Frederick Huntington US polit.; Speaker of the House 1919-1925 _1851-1935 Gillett, James Norris US polit.; gov. of California 1907-1911 _1860-1937 Gillette, Chester US murderer; executed; inspiration for character Clyde Griffiths in Theodore Dreiser's "An American Tragedy" 1925 _1883-1908 Gillette, King Camp US safety razor inventor & manufacturer _1855-1932 Gillette, William Hooker US actor _1855-1937 Gilliam, Terry Vance US actor, comedian, & movie director; member of Monty Python's Flying Circus _1940-- Gilman, Alfred US pharmacologist; discovered & explained role of G-proteins independently of Martin Robdell; NP Med. 1994 _1941-- Gilman, Daniel Coit US educator; pres. of Univ. of California 1872-1875; 1st pres. of Johns Hopkins Univ. 1875-1901 _1831-1908 Gilmer, Elizabeth (pseud. Dorothy Dix) US journalist _1870-1951 Gilmer, Thomas Walker US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1840-1841; Secy. of Navy 1844 _1802-1844 Gilmore, Gary Mark US murderer; executed by firing squad; 1st American executed after restoration of death penalty; subject of book "The Executioner's Song" _1914-1977 Gilpin, Charles Sidney US actor _1878-1930 Gilpin, Henry Dilworth US (Eng.-born) lawyer; Atty. Gen. 1840-1841 _1801-1860 Gil Robles [y Quinones], Jose Maria Sp. polit. _1898-1980 Gilroy, Thomas US (Irish-born) polit.; mayor of New York City 1893-1895 _1840-1911 Ginastera, Alberto Evaristo Argentine composer _1916-1983 Gingrich, Newton Leroy (Newt) US Rep. polit.; House minority whip 1989-- _1943-- Ginsberg, Allen US poet; wrote poems "Howl" 1956, "Kaddish" 1961 _1926-- Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (orig. Joan Ruth Bader) US jurist; Supr. Ct. justice 1993-- _1933-- Giolitti, Giovanni It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1892-1893, 1903-1905, 1906-1909, 1911-1914, 1920-1921 _1842-1928 Giordano, Umberto It. composer _1867-1948 Giorgione da Castelfranco It. Venetian painter _1477?-1511 Giotto (Giotto di Bondone) It. Florentine architect, painter, & sculptor _1267?-1337 Gipp, George (the Gipper) US football player; fullback for Notre Dame 1917-1920; portrayed by Ronald Reagan in movie "Knute Rockne All American" _1895-1920 Girard, Jean Baptiste Swi. educator & Franciscan friar _1765-1850 Girard, Stephen US (Fr.-born) financier & philanthropist _1750-1831 Girardon, Francois Fr. Baroque sculptor _1628-1715 Giraud, Henri Honore Fr. gen. _1879-1949 Giraudoux, [Hippolyte] Jean Fr. diplomat, dram., & nov.; wrote novel "Suzanne and the Pacific" 1921, plays "Amphitryon 38" 1929, "Tiger at the Gates" 1935, "The Madwoman of Chaillot" 1945 _1882-1944 Giri, Vahagaragiri Venkata (V. V. Giri) Indian polit.; acting pres. of India 1969; pres. of India 1969-1974 _1894-1980 Girtin, Thomas Eng. watercolor painter _1775-1802 Girvanyuddha [Bikrama Shah] king of Nepal 1799-1804, 1805-1816; ruled under regency 1799-1816; son of Rana Bahadur _1796?-1816 Giscard d'Estaing, Valery Fr. polit.; Fr. finance minister 1962-1966, 1969-1974; pres. of France 1974-1981 _1926-- Gish, Lillian Diana (orig. Lillian De Guiche) US silent movie actress _1896-1993 Gissing, George Robert Eng. nov.; wrote novels "The Nether World" 1889, "New Grub Street" 1891 _1857-1903 Giuliani, Rudolph (Rudy) US Rep. polit.; mayor of New York City 1994-- _1944-- Giulio Romano It. architect & painter _1499?-1546 Givens, Willard Earl US educator; executive secy. of National Education Association 1935-1952 (NEA) _1886-1971 Gizikis, Phaidon Gk. gen. & polit.; pres. of Greece 1973-1974 _1919?-- Gjellerup, Karl Adolph (pseud. Epigonos) Danish aut.; wrote novels "The Mill" 1896, "The Pilgrim Kamanita" 1906; NP Lit. 1917 _1857-1919 Glackens, William James US artist; member of The Eight; co-founded Ashcan school _1870-1938 Gladstone, Herbert John (Viscount Gladstone) Brit. admin. in S. Africa; 1st gov-gen. of Union of S. Africa 1910-1914 _1854-1930 Gladstone, William Ewart Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886, 1892-1894 _1809-1898 Glas, John Scot. religious leader; founded Sandemanian sect (orig. Glassites) 1730? _1695-1773 Glaser, Donald Arthur US phys.; inventor of bubble chamber; NP Phys. 1960 _1926-- Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson US nov.; wrote novels "Barren Ground" 1925, "In This Our Life" 1941, autobiography "The Woman Within" 1954 _1873-1945 Glashow, Sheldon Lee US phys.; NP Phys. 1979 _1932-- Glaspell, Susan Keating US aut. & dram.; wrote plays "Trifles" 1917, "Alison's House" 1930 _1882-1948 Glass, Carter US polit.; Secy. of Treasury 1918-1920; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1941-1945 _1858-1946 Glass, Philip US composer; composed operas "Einstein on the Beach" 1975, "Satyagraha" 1980, movie score "Koyaannisqatsi" 1983 _1937-- Glasser, Ira Saul US civil liberties activist; executive director of American Civil Liberties Union 1978-- (ACLU) _1938-- Glazunov, Alexander Konstaninovich Rus. composer; composed symphonic poem "Stenka Razin", "Violin Concerto" 1904, ballet "The Seasons" _1865-1936 Gleason, Herbert John (Jackie) US television actor & comedian; starred in show "The Jackie Gleason Show" 1952-1955, 1956-1957, 1958-1959, 1961, 1966-1970, series "The Honeymooners" 1955-1956 _1916-1987 Gleason, Thomas William (Teddy) US labor leader; pres. of International Longshoremen's Association 1963-1987 _1900-1992 Glendower, Owen Welsh chieftain & rebel against Henry IV _1359?-1416? Glenn, John Herschel Jr. US astronaut & Dem. polit.; 1st American to orbit Earth 1962; member of original Mercury 7; Senator from Ohio 1974--; member of Keating Five _1921-- Glennan, [Thomas] Keith (T. Keith Glennan) US admin., educator, & engineer; pres. of Case Institute of Technology 1947-1966; 1st admin. of NASA 1958-1961 _1905-- Glennon, John Joseph US (Irish-born) cardinal 1946; archbishop of St. Louis 1903-1945 _1862-1946 Glidden, Charles Jasper US telephone pioneer; organized 1st telephone exchange 1877 _1857-1927 Glidden, Joseph Farwell US inventor; invented 1st commercially practical barbed wire 1873 _1813-1906 Gligorov, Kiro Macedonian Yugoslavian Communist polit.; 1st pres. of Former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia 1991-- _1917-- Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich Rus. composer; composed opera "Ivan Susanin" 1836 (also "A Life for the Tsar"), "Ruslan and Ludmila" 1842 _1804-1857 Glover, Danny US movie actor _1947-- Glover, John US gen. in American Revolution _1732-1797 Glover, Sarah Ann Eng. music educator; invented sol-fa system _1785-1867 Glubb, John Bagot, Sir Brit. soldier in Middle East _1897-1986 Gluck, Alma (nee Fiersohn) US (Romanian-born) soprano _1884-1938 Gluck, Christoph Willibald Ger. composer; composed operas "Orfeo et Euridice" 1762, "Alceste", "Iphigenie in Aulide", "Orphee", "Iphigenie in Tauride" _1714-1787 Gluck, Louise Elisabeth US poet; wrote poetry collections "The Triumph of Achilles" 1985, "Ararat" 1990, "The Wild Iris" 1992 _1943-- Glyn, Elinor (nee Sutherland) Brit. popular nov.; wrote novels "Three Weeks" 1907, "Did She?" 1934 _1864-1943 Glynn, Martin Henry US polit.; gov. of New York 1913-1915 _1871-1924 Gneisenau, August Wilhelm Anton, Graf Neithardt von Ger. Prussian marshal _1760-1831 Gobat, Charles Albert Swi. admin., pacifist, & polit.; NP Peace 1902 _1834-1914 Gobind Singh (orig. Gobind Rai) Indian Sikh religious leader & conqueror; last & 10th Sikh guru 1675-1708; founded Khalsa brotherhood 1699 _1666-1708 Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Comte de Fr. social philos. & Aryan supremacist; wrote essay "The Inequality of Human Races" 1854 _1816-1882 Goblet, Albert Joseph Belgian diplomat; 1st Belgian foreign minister 1832-1834, 1843-1845 _1790-1873 Godard, Jean Luc Fr. movie director _1930-- Goddard, Robert Hutchings US phys. & pioneer rocket engineer _1882-1945 Godel, Kurt US (Aus.-Czechoslovakian-born) logician & math.; proved existence of undecidable propositions (Godel imcompleteness theorem) 1931 _1906-1978 Goderich, Viscount (Frederick John Robinson) Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1827-1828 _1782-1859 Godfrey of Bouillon (also Godefroy de Bouillon) Fr. crusader _1060?-1100 Godolphin, Sidney Eng. polit. _1645-1712 Godoy, Manuel de Sp. polit. _1767-1851 Godse, Nathuram Vinayak Indian assassin of Mohandas Gandhi; executed _1910?-1949 Godwin, Miles Edwin Jr. US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1966-1970, 1974-1978 _1914-- Godwin, William Eng. nov., philos., & radical; wrote "Enquiry Concerning Political Justice" 1793, "History of the Commonwealth" 1824-1828; husband of Mary Wollstonecraft; father of Mary Shelley _1756-1836 Godwin-Austen, Henry Haversham Eng. explorer & geologist; eponym of K-2 _1834-1923 Goebbels, [Paul] Joseph Ger. Nazi polit. & propagandist; suicide _1897-1945 Goeppert-Mayer, Maria (nee Goeppert) US (Ger.-Pol.-born) chem. & phys.; co-discovered shell structure of atomic nuclei; NP Phys. 1963 _1906-1972 Goering, Hermann Wilhelm Ger. Nazi marshal & polit.; founded Gestapo; suicide _1893-1946 Goes, Hugo van der Dutch painter _1440?-1482 Goethals, George Washington US engineer & gen.; built Panama Canal 1907-1914; 1st gov. of Panama Canal Zone 1914-1916 _1858-1928 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von Ger. dram., nov., poet, & sci.; leader of Romantic movement; wrote verse plays "Egmont" 1788, "Faust" 1808-1832, novel "Wilhelm Meister" 1796-1829, poem "Hermann und Dorothea" 1798 _1749-1832 Goetz, Bernhard Hugo US vigilante; shot four muggers 1984 _1947-- Goff, Nathan Jr. US admin.; Secy. of Navy 1881 _1843-1920 Goffin, Gerald (Gerry) US lyricist & songwriter _1939-- Goga, Octavian Romanian poet & polit.; founded National Agrarian Party 1921; prime min. of Romania 1937-1938 _1881-1938 Gogh, Vincent Willem van Dutch painter; suicide _1853-1890 Goghlan, Charles Patrick John S. Rhodesian polit.; 1st prime min. of S. Rhodesia 1923-1927 _1863-1927 Gogol, Nikolai Vasilyevich Rus. aut. & humorist; wrote short stories "The Overcoat", "The Nose", "The Diary of a Madman", collection "Arabesques" 1835, play "The Inspector General" 1836, incomplete novel "Dead Souls" 1842 _1809-1852 Goh Chok Tong Singapore polit.; prime min. of Singapore 1990-- _1941-- Goheen, Robert Francis US (Indian-born) diplomat, educator, & classical scholar; pres. of Princeton Univ. 1957-1972; US ambassador to India 1977-1980 _1919-- Goizueta, Roberto US (Cuban-born) drink businessman; pres. of Coca-Cola Co. 1980-1981; CEO & chairman of Coca-Cola Co. 1981-- _1931-- Goldbach, Christian Ger. math.; stater & eponym of Goldbach conjecture 1742 _1690-1764 Goldberg, Arthur Joseph US lawyer; Secy. of Labor 1961-1962; Supr. Ct. justice 1962-1965; wrote decision for Escobedo v. Illinois 1964; US ambassador to UN 1965-1968 _1908-1990 Goldberg, Johann Gottlieb Ger. musician; student of Johann Sebastian Bach; eponym of Goldberg Variations _1727-1756 Goldberg, Reuben Lucius (Rube) US cartoonist; depicted complicated machines; created Boob McNutt _1883-1970 Goldberg, Whoopi (orig. Caryn Johnson) US actress & comedienne _1950-- Goldberger, Marvin Leonard US educator & phys.; pres. of California Institute of Technology 1978-1987; director of Institute for Advanced Study 1987-1991 _1922-- Golden, Harry Lewis US journalist _1902-1981 Goldenweiser, Alexander Alexandrovich US (Rus.-born) anthropologist _1880-1940 Goldin, Daniel US admin.; admin. of NASA 1992-- _1940-- Golding, Susan US polit.; mayor of San Diego 1992-- _1945-- Golding, William Gerald Eng. nov.; wrote novels "The Lord of the Flies" 1954, "The Inheritors" 1955, "Pincher Martin" 1956, "Darkness Visible" 1979, "Rites of Passage" 1980; NP Lit. 1983 _1911-1993 Goldman, Emma (Red Emma) US (Lithuanian-born) anarchist _1869-1940 Goldmark, Peter Carl US (Hung.-born) inventor; invented 1st practical color television 1940; main inventor of long-playing microgroove record 1948 _1906-1977 Goldoni, Carlo It. comic dram.; wrote plays "La Locandiera" 1753, "I Rusteghi" 1760, "Le Baruffe Chiozzotte" 1762 _1707-1793 Goldschmidt, Neil US polit.; Secy. of Transportation 1979-1981; gov. of Oregon 1987-1991 _1940-- Goldsmith, Oliver Brit.-Irish aut.; wrote essay "The Citizen of the World" 1760-1762, poems "The Traveller" 1764, "The Deserted Village" 1770, novel "The Vicar of Wakefield" 1766, play "She Stoops to Conquer" 1773 _1730-1774 Goldstein, Joseph Leonard US physiologist; studied cholesterol; NP Med. 1985 _1940-- Goldwater, Barry Morris US polit.; Rep. pres. cand. 1964; chairman of Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Affairs 1981-1985; chairman of Senate Armed Services Committee 1985-1987 _1909-- Goldwyn, Samuel (Sam; orig. Samuel Goldfish) US (Pol.-born) movie producer _1882-1974 Golgi, Camillo It. physician; NP Med. 1906 _1843-1926 Golitsyn, Boris Alexeyevich Rus. polit.; advisor to Peter the Great _1654-1714 Golitsyn, Nikolai Dmitriyevich Rus. polit. & prince; prime min. of Russia 1917; last prime min. of imperial Russia _1850-1925 Gollancz, Hermann, Sir Eng. rabbi Semitic scholar; 1st rabbi ever knighted 1923 _1852-1930 Gomez, Jose Miguel Cuban gen. & polit.; pres. of Cuba 1909-1913 _1858-1921 Gomez, Juan Vicente Venezuelan dictator, gen., & polit.; acting pres. of Venezuela 1806; pres. of Venezuela 1908-1913, 1922-1929, 1931-1935 _1864-1935 Gomez [Castro], Laureano Eleuterio Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1949-1951, 1953; overthrown _1889-1965 Gomez [y Arias], Miguel Mariano Cuban polit.; pres. of Cuba 1936; son of Jose Miguel Gomez _1890-1950 Gompers, Samuel US (Eng.-born) labor leader; founder & 1st pres. of AFL 1886-1894, 1896-1924 _1850-1924 Gomulka, Wladyslaw Pol. Communist polit.; first secy. of Pol. Communist Party 1956-1970; resigned _1905-1982 Goncalves Dias, Antonio Brazilian lyric poet; wrote poetry collections "Primeiros Cantos" 1846, "Ultimos Cantos" 1851, epic poem "Os Timbiras" 1857 _1823-1864 Goncharova, Natalya Nikolayevna (also Natalia Goncharov; Natalya Pushkin) Rus. wife of Alexander Pushkin 1831; lover of Georges D'Anthes _1812-1863 Goncharova, Nathalie (also Natalia Goncharov) Rus. artist _1883-1962 Goncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot de Fr. artist & nov.; co-wrote novel "Madame Lacerteux" 1865 with Edmond de Goncourt, wrote novels "La Fille Elisa" 1878, "La Faustin" 1882; establisher & eponym of Prix Goncourt _1822-1896 Goncourt, Jules Alfred Huot de Fr. artist & nov.; co-wrote novels "Manetts Salomon" 1867, "Madame Lacerteux" 1865 with Edmond de Goncourt; brother of Edmond de Goncourt _1830-1870 Goncz, Arpad Hung. aut. & polit.; pres. of Hungary 1990-- _1922-- Gondi, Jean Francois Paul de (Cardinal de Retz) Fr. cardinal & polit.; opposed Jules Mazarin; archbishop of Paris 1654-1662 _1613-1679 Gondomar, Conde de (Diego Sarmiento de Acuna) Sp. diplomat _1567-1626 Gonzaga, Aloysius It. Jesuit saint; canonized 1726 _1568-1591 Gonzalez, Juan Natalicio Paraguayan polit.; pres. of Paraguay 1948-1949 _1897-1966 Gonzalez, Manuel Mex. gen. & polit.; pres. of Mexico 1880-1884 _1833-1893 Gonzalez [Flores], Alfredo Costa Rican polit.; pres. of Costa Rica 1914-1917 _1877-1936? Gonzalez [Prada], Manuel Peruvian polit. _1844-1918 Gonzalez [Valencia], Ramon Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1909-1910 _1854-1928 Gonzalez [Videla], Gabriel Chilean polit.; pres. of Chile 1946-1952 _1898-1980 Gonzalez [Viquez], Cleto Costa Rican polit.; pres. of Costa Rica 1906-1910, 1912-1914, 1928-1932 _1858-1937 Gonzalez Bocanegra, Francisco Mex. lyricist; wrote Mex. national anthem _1824-1861 Gonzalez Marquez, Felipe Sp. socialist polit.; prime min. of Spain 1982-- _1942-- Good, James William US polit.; Secy. of War 1929 _1866-1929 Goodall, Jane Eng. ethologist & zoologist _1934-- Goode, W. Wilson US polit.; mayor of Philadelphia 1984-1992 _1938-- Gooden, Dwight Eugene US baseball player; played for New York Mets 1984-- _1964-- Goodhue, Bertram Grosvenor US architect _1869-1924 Goodman, Benjamin David (Benny) US jazz & swing bandleader, musician, & clarinetist _1909-1986 Goodman, John US actor _1953-- Goodpaster, Andrew Jackson US gen.; national security advisor 1958-1961; commandant of National War College 1967-1970; Supreme Allied Commander in Europe 1969-1974 (SACEUR); superintendent of US Military Academy 1977-1981 _1915-- Goodrich, Benjamin Franklin US rubber industrialist & surgeon; founder & eponym of B. F. Goodrich Co. _1841-1888 Goodrich, Samuel Griswold (pseud. Peter Parley) US aut. & editor _1793-1860 Goodson, Mark US television game show producer; co-produced shows "The Price Is Right" 1957-1992, "To Tell the Truth" 1956-1967, "The Match Game" 1962-1969, 1973-1979 _1915-1992 Goodyear, Charles US inventor & rubber industrialist _1800-1860 Goold-Adams, Hamilton John Brit. admin. in S. Africa; acting 1st Brit. gov. of Orange River Colony 1901-1902; last gov. of Orange River Colony 1907-1910 _1858-1920 Gopallawa, William, Sir Ceylonnese polit.; last gov-gen. of Ceylon 1962-1972; 1st pres. of Ceylon 1972-1978 _1897-1981 Gorbach, Alfons Aus. polit.; chancellor of Austria 1961-1964 _1898-1972 Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich Rus. Soviet polit. & reformer; led glasnost & perestroika; last secy-gen. of Soviet Communist Party 1985-1991; last chairman of Presidium of Supreme Soviet 1988-1991; resigned; NP Peace 1990 _1931-- Gorbachev, Raisa Maximovna (also Raisa Gorbacheva; nee Titorenko) Rus. wife of Mikhail Gorbachev 1953 _1934-- Gorchakov, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Rus. diplomat & polit. _1798-1883 Gordan, Paul Albert Ger. math. _1837-1912 Gordimer, Nadine S. African aut. writing in English; wrote short story collection "Face to Face" 1949, novels "The Lying Days" 1953, "The Conservationist" 1974, "Burger's Daughter" 1979, "A Sport of Nature" 1987; NP Lit. 1991 _1923-- Gordin, Jacob US (Rus.-born) Yiddish dram.; wrote plays "Siberia", "The Jewish King Lear", "Kreutzer Sonata" _1853-1909 Gordon, Adam Lindsay Austr. (Azores-born) poet; wrote poems "The Sick Stockrider", "How We Beat the Favorite", poetry collections "Sea Spray and Smoke Drift" 1867, "Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes" 1870; suicide _1833-1870 Gordon, Charles George (Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha) Brit. soldier in China, Crimean War, & Sudan; killed at battle of Khartoum _1833-1885 Gordon, Charles William (pseud. Ralph Connor) Can. Presbyterian clergyman & nov.; helped form United Church of Canada; wrote novels "Black Rock" 1898, "The Man from Glengarry" 1901 _1860-1937 Gordon, George, Lord Eng. agitator & polit. _1751-1793 Gordon, Mack US (Pol.-born) songwriter _1905-1959 Gordon-Walker, Patrick Chrestien Brit. diplomat; Brit. foreign secy. 1964-1965 _1907-1980 Gore, Albert Arnold US Dem. polit.; Senator from Tennessee 1953-1971; father of Al Gore _1907-- Gore, Albert Arnold Jr. (Al) US Dem. polit.; Senator from Tennessee 1985-1993; vice-pres. of US 1993-- _1948-- Gore, Christopher US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1809-1810 _1758-1827 Gore, Howard Mason US polit.; Secy. of Agriculture 1924-1925; gov. of W. Virginia 1925-1929 _1887-1947 Gore, Mary Elizabeth (Tipper; nee Aitcheson) US wife of Albert Gore 1970 _1949-- Goremykin, Ivan Logginovich Rus. polit.; prime min. of Russia 1906, 1914-1916 _1839-1917 Goren, Shlomo Israeli (Pol.-born) rabbi; Ashkenazic chief rabbi of Israel 1972-1983 _1917-1994 Gorgas, William Crawford US army sanitation expert & surgeon; eliminated yellow fever & malaria during construction of Panama Canal _1854-1920 Gorham, Nathaniel US polit. in American Revolution; pres. of Continental Congress 1786-1787 _1738-1796 Goria, Giovanni It. polit.; prime min. of Italy 1987-1988; It. finance minister 1992-1993 _1943-1994 Gorky, Maxim (also Maxim Gorki; pseud. of Alexei Peshkov) Rus. realist aut.; wrote play "The Lower Depths" 1902, novel "Mother" 1907, autobiographical trilogy "Childhood", "In the World", "My Universities" 1913-1923 _1868-1936 Gorky, Arshile (orig. Vosdanik Manoog Adoian, also Vosdanig Manoog Adoyan) US (Armenian-born) Surrealist artist & painter; suicide _1905-1948 Gorman, Margaret US beauty pageant winner; 1st Miss America 1921 _1906-- Gorton, John Grey Austr. polit.; prime min. of Australia 1968-1971 _1911-- Gorton, [Thomas] Slade III US Rep. polit.; Senator from Washington 1981-1987, 1989-- _1928-- Goschen, George Joachim (Viscount Goschen of Hawkhurst) Brit. colonial admin.; acting viceroy of India 1929-1931 _1866-1952 Gosper, R. William (Bill) US computer hacker & math. _1943?-- Gosse, Edmund William, Sir Eng. critic & poet; wrote poetry collection "On Viol and Flute" 1873, critical works "Studies in the Literature of Northern Europe" 1879, "A History of Eighteenth Century Literature" 1889 _1849-1928 Gosse, Philip Henry Eng. naturalist & marine zoologist; wrote "Omphalos" 1857 opposing evolution; father of Edmund Gosse _1810-1888 Gosset, William Sealy (pseud. Student) Eng. math. & statistician; developer & eponym of Student's t test & Student's t distribution _1876-1937 Gostev, Boris Ivanovich Soviet Communist admin.; Soviet finance minister 1985-1987 _1927-- Gotch, Frank US wrestler _1878-1917 Gottschalk, Louis Moreau US composer _1829-1869 Gottwald, Klement Czechoslovakian Communist dictator & polit.; prime min. of Czechoslovakia 1946-1948; pres. of Czechoslovakia 1948-1953 _1896-1953 Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham US (Dutch-born) phys.; introduced concept of spin with George Uhlenbeck _1902-1978 Goudy, Frederic William US type designer _1865-1947 Gough, Hugh Eng. marshal _1779-1869 Gouin, Felix Fr. polit.; provisional pres. of France 1946; predecessor of Georges Bidault _1884-1977 Gouin, Jean Lomer, Sir Can. Quebecois polit.; premier of Quebec 1905-1920 _1861-1929 Goulart, Joao Belchior Marques Brazilian polit.; pres. of Brazil 1961-1964; overthrown _1918-1976 Gould, Chester US cartoonist; created Dick Tracy 1931 _1900-1985 Gould, Jay (orig. Jason Gould) US financier & railroad businessman _1836-1892 Gould, Stephen Jay US aut., naturalist, paleontologist, & popularizer of science; wrote "Ever Since Darwin" 1977, "The Panda's Thumb" 1980, "The Mismeasure of Man" 1981, "The Flamingo's Smile" 1985 _1941-- Goulding, Raymond (Ray) US radio comedian of Bob & Ray team _1922-1990 Gouled Aptidon, Hassan Djibouti polit.; 1st pres. of Djibouti 1977-- _1916-- Gounod, Charles Francois Fr. operatic composer; composed "Funeral March of a Marionette" 1872, operas "Sapho" 1851, "Le Medecin malgre lui" 1858, "Faust" 1859, oratorio "Mors et Vita" 1886, Vatican City national anthem _1818-1893 Gourmont, Remy de Fr. aut.; wrote novel "Sixtime" 1890, critical works "Le Livre des Masques" 1896-1898, "Promenades Litteraires" 1904-1913, "Promenades Philosophiques" 1905-1909 _1858-1915 Gower, John Eng. poet; wrote poems "Speculum Meditantis", "Vox Clamantis" 1382-1384, "Confessio Amantis" 1833? _1330?-1408 Gowon, Yakubu Dan-Yumma Nigerian gen. & polit.; head of state of Nigeria 1966-1975; defeated secessionists in Biafran War 1967-1970; overthrown _1934-- Goya y Lucientes, Francisco Jose de Sp. etcher & painter _1746-1828 Goyen, Jan Josephszoon van (also Jan van Goijen) Dutch painter _1596-1656 Gqozo, Oupa S. African-Ciskei army officer & polit.; last pres. of Ciskei 1990-1994; overthrown by S. African government _19XX-- Grable, Betty (orig. Elizabeth Grasle) US actress & model _1916-1973 Grabski, Wladyslaw Pol. polit.; premier of Poland 1923-1925 _1874-1938 Gracchus, Gaius Sempronius Rom. polit., reformer, & tribune; brother of Tiberius Gracchus _153b-121b Gracchus, Tiberius Sempronius Rom. polit., reformer, & tribune; brother of Gaius Gracchus _163b-133b Grace, William Gilbert Eng. cricket player & physician _1848-1915 Grace, William Russell US (Irish-born) polit.; mayor of New York City 1881-1883, 1885-1887 _1832-1904 Grachev, Pavel Sergeyevich Rus. gen.; Rus. defense minister 1992-- _1948-- Graf, Stephanie Maria (Steffi) Ger. tennis player _1969-- Graff, George Jr. US songwriter; co-wrote song "When Irish Eyes Are Smiling" 1912 _1886-1973 Grafton, Duke of (Augustus Henry Fitzroy) Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1768-1770 _1735-1811 Grafton, Sue US mystery nov.; created character Kinsey Millhone; wrote novels "A is for Alibi" 1982, "B is for Burglar" 1985, "H is for Homicide" 1991, "I is for Innocent" 1992, "J is for Judgment" 1993 _1940-- Graham, [Daniel] Robert (Bob) US Dem. polit.; gov. of Florida 1979-1987; Senator from Florida 1987-- _1936-- Graham, John (Graham of Claverhouse, Bonny Dundee) Scot. Jacobite _1648-1689 Graham, Martha US choreographer & dancer _1893-1991 Graham, Otto Everett Jr. US football player & coach; quarterback for Cleveland Browns 1946-1955 _1921-- Graham, Thomas Scot. chem. _1805-1869 Graham, Sylvester US nutritionist & temperance reformer; inventor & eponym of graham cracker _1794-1851 Graham, William Alexander US polit.; gov. of N. Carolina 1845-1849; Secy. of Navy 1850-1852; Whig vice-pres. cand. 1852 _1804-1875 Graham, William Franklin (Billy) US evangelist _1918-- Graham, William Robert US admin. & engineer; acting admin. of NASA 1985-1986; presidential science advisor 1986-1989 _1937-- Grahame, Kenneth Scot. juvenile aut.; wrote story collections "The Golden Age" 1895, "Dream Days" 1898, novel "The Wind in the Willows" 1908 _1859-1932 Grainger, Percy Aldridge US (Austr.-born) composer _1882-1961 Gramm, [William] Philip (Phil) US Rep. polit.; Senator from Texas 1985-- _1942-- Gramme, Zenobe Theophile Belgian electrical engineer; invented 1st commercial direct-current dynamo 1869 _1826-1901 Grammer, Kelsey US (US Virgin Islands-born) television actor; starred in series "Cheers" 1984-1993, "Frasier" 1993-- _1956-- Gramsci, Antonio It. Communist political philos.; helped found It. Communist Party 1921 _1891-1937 Granados [y Campina], Enrique Sp. composer & pianist; composed "Spanish Dances", "Goyescas" (including "Maiden and the Nightingale"), "Tonadillas", opera "Maria del Carmen"; killed when ship torpedoed by Ger. submarine _1867-1916 Grandi, Dino (Dino Grandi di Mordano; Count Grandi) It. Fascist diplomat & polit.; co-organizer of March on Rome 1922; It. foreign minister 1929-1932 _1895-1988 Grange, Harold Edward (Red; the Galloping Ghost) US football player _1903-1991 Granger, Francis US polit.; Whig vice-pres. cand. 1836; Postmaster Gen. 1841; son of Gideon Granger _1792-1868 Granger, Gideon US admin.; Postmaster Gen. 1801-1814; father of Francis Granger _1767-1822 Granger, James Eng. biographer; wrote "Biographical History of England" 1769; source of word "grangerize" _1723-1776 Granger, Stewart (orig. James Lablache Stewart) Brit. actor _1913-1993 Granit, Ragnar Arthur Swed. (Finnish-born) physiologist; NP Med. 1967 _1900-- Grant, Cary (orig. Archibald Alexander Leach) US movie actor _1904-1986 Grant, Heber Jedediah US Mormon clergyman; pres. of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints 1918-1945 _1856-1945 Grant, Julia (nee Dent) US wife of Ulysses Grant 1848 _1826-1902 Grant, [Hiram] Ulysses Simpson US gen. & polit.; last general-in-chief of Union forces in Civil War 1864-1865; 18th pres. of US 1869-1877 _1822-1885 Grantham, Alexander William George Herder, Sir Brit. admin.; gov. of Hong Kong 1947-1958 _1899-- Granville, George Leverson-Gower, Earl Brit. diplomat; Brit. foreign secy. 1851-1852, 1870-1874, 1880-1885 _1815-1891 Granville-Barker, Harley Granville Eng. actor, dram., & manager; wrote plays "The Marrying of Ann Leete" 1901, "The Voysey Inheritance" 1905, "The Madras House" 1910, "Vote by Ballot" 1917 _1877-1946 Grass, Gunter Wilhelm Ger. (Pol.-born) aut.; wrote novels "The Tin Drum" 1959 (also "Die Blechtrommel"), "Cat and Mouse" 1961, "Dog Years" 1963, "Local Anesthetic" 1969, "The Flounder" 1977 _1927-- Grasse, Francois Joseph Paul Fr. naval officer _1722-1788 Grassley, Charles Ernest US Rep. polit.; Senator from Iowa 1981-- _1933-- Grassman, Hermann Gunther Ger. math. & philologist; studied higher-dimensional spaces _1809-1877 Grasso, Ella Tambussi US polit.; gov. of Connecticut 1975-1980 _1919-1981 Gratian (Flavius Gratianus) Rom. emperor 367-383 _359-383 Grattan, Henry Irish orator & polit. _1746-1820 Grau [y San Martin], Ramon Cuban physician & polit.; pres. of Cuba 1933-1934, 1944-1948 _1887-1969 Graves, Ernest Jr. US engineer & gen.; director of National Security Agency 1981-1982 (NSA) _1924-- Graves, Howard Dwayne US educator & gen.; commandant of Army War College 1987-1989; superintendent of US Military Academy 1991-- _1939-- Graves, Peter US actor; starred in series "Mission: Impossible" 1966-1973, 1988-1990 _1926-- Graves, Robert Ranke Brit. aut. & classical scholar; wrote autobiography "Goodbye to All That" 1929, historical novels "I, Claudius" 1934, "Claudius the God" 1934, mystical work "The White Goddess" 1948 _1895-1985 Gray, Alfred Jr. US Marine Corps gen.; commandant of Marine Corps 1987-1991 _1928-- Gray, Asa US botanist; supporter of Darwinism; wrote "Flora of North America" 1848-1852, "Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States" 1848 (also "Gray's Manual") _1810-1888 Gray, Gordon US businessman & journalist; secy. of army 1949-1950; national security advisor 1958-1961 _1909-1982 Gray, Hanna (nee Holborn) US (Ger.-born) educator; provost of Yale Univ. 1974-1978; acting pres. of Yale Univ. 1977-1978; pres. of Univ. of Chicago 1978-1993 _1930-- Gray, Harold US cartoonist; created Little Orphan Annie _1894-1968 Gray, Horace US jurist; Supr. Ct. justice 1881-1902; son-in-law of Stanley Matthews _1828-1902 Gray, [Louis] Patrick (L. Patrick Gray) US admin.; acting director of FBI 1972-1973 _1916-- Gray, Paul Edward US educator & engineer; pres. of MIT 1980-1990 _1932-- Gray, Thomas Eng. poet; wrote poems "Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College" 1747, "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" 1751, "Pindaric Odes" 1757, "Progress of Poesy" 1758 _1716-1771 Gray, William Herbert III US admin., clergyman, & polit.; chairman of House Budget Committee 1985-1989; House majority whip 1989-1991; pres. of United Negro College Fund 1991--; US envoy for Haiti 1994-- _1941-- Graziani, Rudolfo (also Rodolfo Graziani) It. gen. & colonial admin. in Africa _1882-1955 Grechko, Andrei Antonovich Rus. marshal; commander-in-chief of Warsaw Pact 1960-1967; Soviet defense minister 1967-1976 _1903-1976 Greco, El (Domenikos; orig. Kyriakos Theotokopoulos) Sp. (Gk.-born) painter _1541-1614 Greeley, Horace US journalist & polit.; Dem. pres. cand. 1872; died before election _1811-1872 Greely, Adolphus Washington US Arctic explorer & gen.; directed relief operation after San Francisco earthquake & fire 1906 _1844-1935 Green, Ashbel US Presbyterian clergyman & educator; founded Princeton Theological Seminary; pres. of Princeton Univ. 1812-1822 _1762-1848 Green, Dwight Herbert US polit.; gov. of Illinois 1941-1949 _1897-1958 Green, George Eng. math.; discoverer & eponym of Green's theorem 1828 _1793-1841 Green, Hamilton Guyanese polit.; prime min. of Guyana 1985-1992 _1934-- Green, Hetty (orig. Henrietta Howland Robinson; the Witch of Wall Street) US financier _1834-1916 Green, John Richard Eng. historian; wrote "Short History of the English People" 1874, "The Making of England" 1881, "Conquest of England" 1883 _1837-1883 Green, Paul Eliot US dram. & screenwriter; wrote plays "In Abraham's Bosom" 1927, "The Field God" 1927 _1894-1981 Green, Samuel US Ku Klux Klan leader _1899-1949 Green, William US labor leader; pres. of AFL 1924-1952 _1873-1952 Green, William Joseph US polit.; mayor of Philadelphia 1980-1984 _1938-- Greenaway, Catherine (Kate) Eng. illustrator & painter _1846-1901 Greenberg, Uri Zvi Israeli (Rus.-born) Hebrew poet _1896-1981 Greenblatt, Richard (Ricky) US computer hacker _1945?-- Greene, Charles Edward (Joe; Mean Joe Greene) US football player; defensive tackle for Pittsburgh Steelers 1969-1981 _1946-- Greene, [Henry] Graham Brit. Catholic aut. & nov.; wrote novels "Brighton Rock" 1938, "The Power and the Glory" 1940, ""Ministry of Fear" 1943, The Third Man" 1950, "Our Man in Havana" 1958, "The Human Factor" 1978 _1904-1991 Greene, Lorne US (Can.-born) television actor; starred in series "Bonanza" 1959-1973, "Battlestar Galactica" 1978-1980 _1915-1987 Greene, Nathanael US gen. in American Revolution _1742-1786 Greene, Robert Eng. dram. & poet; wrote plays "Pandosto" (inspiration for Shakespeare's "The Winter's Tale"), "Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay" _1558?-1592 Greene, Wallace Martin Jr. US Marine Corps gen.; commandant of Marine Corps 1964-1967 _1907-- Greenewalt, Crawford Hallock US chem. & chemical businessman; pres. of E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Co. 1948-1962; chairman of E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Co. 1962-1967 _1902-1993 Greenfield, Jerry US ice cream businessman & philanthropist; co-founder & co-eponym of Ben & Jerry's Homemade Inc. 1978 _1951-- Greenhalge, Frederic Thomas US (Eng.-born) polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1894-1896 _1842-1896 Greenough, Horatio US Neoclassical sculptor _1805-1852 Greenspan, Alan US admin. & economist; chairman of Council of Economic Advisors 1974-1977; chairman of Federal Reserve Board 1987-- _1926-- Greenwood, Arthur Herbert US polit.; House majority whip 1933-1935 _1880-1963 Gregg, Andrew US polit.; pres. pro tempore of Senate 1809 _1755-1835 Gregg, Judd Alan US Rep. polit.; gov. of New Hampshire 1989-1992; Senator from New Hampshire 1993-- _1947-- Gregg, William US textile industrialist _1800-1867 Gregorian, Vartan US (Iranian-born) educator & historian; provost of Univ. of Pennsylvania 1978-1980; pres. of New York Public Library 1981-1988; pres. of Brown Univ. 1989-- _1934-- Gregory I (Gregory the Great) It. saint & pope 590-604 _540?-604 Gregory II It. saint & pope 715-731 _6XX-731 Gregory III Syrian saint & pope 731-741 _6XX-741 Gregory IV It. pope 827-844 _7XX-844 Gregory V 1st Ger. pope 996-999 _970?-999 Gregory VI (orig. John Gratian) pope 1045-1046; reputedly bought papacy from his godson Benedict IX; resigned _9XX-1048 Gregory VI antipope 1012 _9XX-10XX Gregory VII (orig. Hildebrand) It. saint & pope 1073-1085 _1020?-1085 Gregory VIII (orig. Alberto de Morra) It. pope 1187 _11XX-1187 Gregory VIII (orig. Mauritius Bourdin, Bordhino, Burdinus) Fr. antipope 1118-1121 _10XX-1137? Gregory IX (orig. Ugolino, Count of Segni) It. pope 1227-1241 _1145?-1241 Gregory X (orig. Teobaldo Visconti) It. peacemaker & pope 1271-1276 _1210-1276 Gregory XI (orig. Pierre Roger de Beaufort) Fr. pope 1370-1378 _1331-1378 Gregory XII (orig. Angelo Correr) It. pope 1406-1415; resigned; uncle of Eugene IV _1327?-1417 Gregory XIII (orig. Ugo Buoncompagni) It. educator & pope 1572-1585; established colleges & Gregorian calendar _1502-1585 Gregory XIV (orig. Niccolo Sfondrati) It. pope 1590-1591 _1535-1591 Gregory XV (orig. Alessandro Ludovici) It. pope 1621-1623; established format of secret election of popes _1554-1623 Gregory XVI (orig. Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari) It. pope 1831-1846 _1765-1846 Gregory of Nyssa Christian bishop, saint, & Eastern Church father; wrote "Twelve Books against Eunomius", "Cathechetical Oration"; brother of Basil the Great _335?-394? Gregory of Tours Frankish bishop, historian, & saint; bishop of Tours 573-594; wrote history "Historia Francorum" _538-594 Gregory, [Isabella] Augusta, Lady (nee Persse) Irish dram.; wrote plays "Spreading the News" 1904, "The Rising of the Moon" 1907 _1852-1932 Gregory, David Scot. math.; nephew of James Gregory _1661-1708 Gregory, Dick US comedian _1932-- Gregory, James Scot. math.; produced infinite series for trigonometric functions _1638-1675 Gregory, John Milton US Baptist clergyman & educator; 1st pres. of Univ. of Illinois 1867-1880 (orig. Illinois Industrial Univ.) _1822-1898 Gregory, John Munford US polit.; gov. of Virginia 1842-1843 _1804-1884 Gregory, Thomas Watt US lawyer; Atty. Gen. 1914-1919 _1861-1933 Gregory, William Henry Brit. colonial admin.; gov. of Ceylon 1872-1877; husband of Lady Augusta Gregory 1880 _1817-1892 Grenfell, Wilfred Thomason, Sir Eng. missionary & physician _1865-1940 Grenville, George Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1763-1765 _1712-1770 Grenville, Richard, Sir (also Richard Greynville) Brit. naval officer _1542-1591 Grenville, William Wyndham (Baron Grenville) Brit. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1806-1807 _1759-1834 Gresham, Thomas, Sir Eng. economist & financier; formulated Gresham's Law _1519-1579 Gresham, Walter Quintin US admin., army officer, & lawyer; Postmaster Gen. 1883-1884; Secy. of Treasury 1884; Secy. of State 1893-1895 _1832-1895 Gretzky, Wayne Can. hockey player; holds record for career goals scored _1961-- Greuze, Jean Baptiste Fr. painter _1725-1805 Grevy, [Francois Paul] Jules Fr. polit.; pres. of France 1879-1887 _1807-1891 Grew, Joseph Clark US diplomat; US ambassador to Japan 1931-1941 _1880-1965 Grey, Albert Henry George, Earl Eng. admin. in Canada; gov-gen. of Canada 1904-1911 _1851-1917 Grey, Charles, Earl Eng. polit.; Brit. prime min. 1830-1834 _1764-1845 Grey, Edward (Viscount Grey of Fallodon) Eng. diplomat; Brit. foreign secy. 1906-1916; negotiated Triple Entente 1907; negotiated end of Balkan War 1912-1913; led Brit. entry into World War I _1862-1933 Grey, Jane, Lady Eng. queen 1553; beheaded by Mary I; grandniece of Henry VIII _1537-1554 Grey, Zane US nov. of westerns; wrote novels "Riders of the Purple Sage" 1912, "The Lone Star Ranger" 1915, "The Mysterious Rider" 1921, "The Thundering Herd" 1925, "Code of the West" 1934 _1875-1939 Grib, Mechislav Belarus gen. & polit.; pres. of Belarus 1994 _1936?-- Gribbs, Roman US polit.; mayor of Detroit 1970-1973 _1925-- Griboyedov, Alexander Sergeyevich Rus. diplomat & comic dram.; wrote play "Wit Works Woe" 1822-1824 (also "Gore ot uma", "Woe from Wit"); negotiated treaty ending Russo-Persian War 1828; killed by mob _1795-1829 Gridley, Charles Vernon US naval officer; fought under George Dewey at battle of Manila Bay 1898; received command "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley" _1844-1898 Grieg, Edvard Hagerup Norw. composer; composed "Peer Gynt Suite" 1876 _1843-1907 Grier, Robert Cooper US jurist; Supr. Ct. justice 1846-1870 _1794-1870 Griffey, [George] Kenneth Jr. (Ken) US baseball player; outfielder for Seattle Mariners 1989-- _1969-- Griffin, Archibald (Archie) US football player; won Heisman Trophy 1974, 1975 as running back for Ohio State; only two-time Heisman winner _1954-- Griffin, Cyrus US polit. in American Revolution; last pres. of Continental Congress 1788-1789 _1748-1810 Griffin, Edward Dorr US Congregational clergyman & educator; pres. of Williams College 1821-1836 _1770-1837 Griffin, James Donald US polit.; mayor of Buffalo 1977-- _1929-- Griffin, Mervyn Edward Jr. (Merv) US game show producer, singer, & television host; created game shows "Jeopardy!", "Wheel of Fortune" _1925-- Griffin, Robert Paul US polit.; Senate minority whip 1969-1977 _1923-- Griffin, Walter Burley US architect _1876-1937 Griffith king of Basuto 1913-1939 (later Lesotho); son of Lerotholi _1870-1939 Griffith, Andrew Samuel (Andy) US actor; starred in series "The Andy Griffith Show" 1960-1968, "Matlock" 1986-- _1926-- Griffith, Arthur Irish journalist, nationalist, & polit.; founded Sinn Fein Party (orig. Cumann na nGaedheal) 1902 _1872-1922 Griffith, David [Lewelyn] Wark (D. W. Griffith) US movie director & producer _1875-1948 Griffith-Joyner, [Delorez] Florence US track athlete; sister-in-law of Jackie Joyner-Kersee _1959-- Griggs, John William US jurist & polit.; gov. of New Jersey 1896-1898; Atty. Gen. 1898-1901 _1849-1927 Grignard, [Francois Auguste] Victor Fr. chem.; NP Chem. 1912 _1871-1935 Grillparzer, Franz Aus. dram. & poet; wrote plays "Die Ahnfrau" 1817, "Der Traum, ein Leben" 1834, play trilogy "The Golden Fleece" 1820-1822 _1791-1872 Grimke, Angelina Emily US Quaker abolitionist & feminist; co-wrote "American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses" 1838 with Sarah Grimke; sister of Sarah Grimke _1805-1879 Grimke, Sarah Moore US Quaker abolitionist & feminist; wrote "The Condition of Women" 1838, co-wrote "American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses" 1838 with Angelina Grimke; sister of Angelina Grimke _1792-1873 Grimm, Jacob (also Jakob Grimm) Ger. folklorist & philologist; co-compiled "Grimm's Fairy Tales" 1812-1822 with Wilhelm Grimm; wrote "Deutsche Grammatik" 1819; formulater & eponym of Grimm's Law; brother of Wilhelm Grimm _1785-1863 Grimm, Wilhelm Ger. folklorist & philologist; co-compiled "Grimm's Fairy Tales" 1812-1822 with Wilhelm Grimm; brother of Jacob Grimm _1786-1859 Grimond, Joseph, Baron (Baron Grimond of Firth) Brit. polit.; leader of Liberal Party 1956-1967 _1913-1993 Grindal, Edmund Eng. prelate; archbishop of Canterbury 1576-1583 _1519?-1583 Grinevitsky, Ignaty Ioachimovich Rus. revolutionary; assassin of Alexander II; killed by blast of own bomb during assassination _1856-1881 Grinko, Grigori Fyodorovich Rus. Soviet admin.; Soviet finance minister 1930-1937 _1890-1938 Grinnell, Josiah Bushnell US Congregational clergyman & educator; advised by Horace Greeley "Go west, young man, go west"; main founder & eponym of Grinnell College _1821-1891 Gris, Juan (orig. Jose Victoriano Gonzalez) Sp. Cubist painter in France _1887-1927 Grisham, John US lawyer & law nov.; wrote novels "A Time to Kill" 1989, "The Firm" 1991, "The Pelican Brief" 1992, "The Client" 1993, "The Chamber" 1994 _1955-- Grissom, Virgil Ivan (Gus) US astronaut; 2nd American in space 1961; 1st human to make a 2nd space flight 1965; member of original Mercury 7; died in Apollo 1 fire _1926-1967 Griswold, [Alfred] Whitney (A. Whitney Griswold) US educator & political sci.; pres. of Yale Univ. 1950-1963 _1906-1963 Grivas, George Theodorus (Dighenis Akritas) Cypriot-Gk. gen. & nationalist; supported enosis; founded EOKA rebel group 1954 _1898-1974 Grizzard, Lewis McDonald Jr. US columnist & humorist; wrote collections "Won't You Come Home, Billy Bob Bailey?" 1980, "Elvis Is Dead and I Don't Feel So Good Myself" 1986 _1946-1994 Groener, Wilhelm Ger. admin. & gen.; Ger. defense minister 1928-1932 _1867-1939 Groening, Matthew Akbar (Matt) US cartoonist & satirist; created Life in Hell 1980, The Simpsons _1954-- Grofe, Ferde US composer & conductor _1892-1972 Grolier [de Servieres], Jean (Vicomte d'Aguisy) Fr. bibliophile & scholar _1479-1565 Gromyko, Andrei Andreyevich Rus. Soviet diplomat, economist, & polit.; 1st Soviet ambassador to UN 1946-1948; Soviet foreign minister 1957-1985; chairman of Presidium of Supreme Soviet 1985-1988 _1909-1989 Gronchi, Giovanni It. polit.; pres. of Italy 1955-1962 _1887-1978 Gronouski, John Jr. US admin.; Postmaster Gen. 1963-1965 _1919-- Groom, Robert (Bob) US baseball player _1884-1948 Groote, Gerhard (Gerardus Magnus) Dutch religious reformer _1340-1384 Gropius, Walter Adolph Ger. architect in US; founder of Bauhaus movement _1883-1969 Gropper, William US artist _1897-1977 Gross, Courtlandt Sherrington US aircraft industrialist; co-founded Lockheed Corp. 1927 _1904-1982 Gross, Robert Ellsworth US aircraft businessman; pres. of Lockheed Corp. 1934-1956; chairman of Lockheed Corp. 1933-1961 _1897-1961 Grosvenor, Gilbert Hovey US editor & geographer _1875-1966 Grosz, George US (Ger.-born) painter _1893-1959 Grote, George Eng. banker, historian, & polit.; wrote "History of Greece" 1846-1856 _1794-1871 Grotewohl, Otto E. Ger. Communist polit.; 1st chancellor of E. Germany 1949-1964 _1894-1964 Grotius, Hugo (also Huig de Groot) Dutch jurist & polit.; father of international law; wrote "De Jure Belli et Pacis" 1625 (also "On the Law of War and Peace") _1583-1645 Grouchy, Emmanuel Fr. gen. _1766-1847 Grove, Andrew US (Hung.-born) computer businessman; pres. of Intel Corp. 1967--; CEO of of Intel Corp. 1987-- _1936-- Grove, George, Sir Eng. music expert; editor & eponym of "Grove's Dictionary of Music & Musicians" 1878-1889 _1820-1900 Grove, Robert Moses (Lefty) US baseball player _1900-1975 Groves, Leslie Richard US gen.; oversaw construction of Pentagon 1941-1943; military admin. of Manhattan Project _1896-1970 Grow, Galusha Aaron US polit.; Speaker of the House 1861-1863 _1823-1907 Groza, Petru Romanian Communist polit.; 1st Communist prime min. of Romania 1948-1952; pres. of Romania 1952-1958 _1884-1958 Gruber, Edmund US army officer; wrote & composed song "The Caissons Go Rolling Along" 1907 _1879-1941 Gruber, Franz Aus. organist; composed song "Stille Nacht, Heilige Nacht" 1818 (also "Silent Night") _1792-1848 Gruelle, John Barton (Johnny) US cartoonist & juvenile aut.; created Raggedy Ann & Raggedy Andy _1880-1938 Grueneisen, Eduard (also Eduard Gruneisen) Ger. phys.; co-eponym of Mie-Grueneisen equation of state _1877-1949 Gruenther, Alfred Maximilian US gen.; Supreme Allied Commander in Europe 1953-1956 (SACEUR); pres. of American Red Cross 1957-1964 _1899-1983 Grumman, Leroy Randle US aircraft industrialist; founder & eponym of Grumman Corp. 1929 _1895-1982 Grundy, Felix US polit.; Atty. Gen. 1838-1840 _1777-1840 Grunewald, Matthias Ger. mystical painter _1455?-1528 Grunitzky, Nicolas Togolese polit.; prime min. of Togo 1956-1958, 1963-1967; pres. of Togo 1963-1967 _1913-1969 Grynszpan, Herschel Pol. assassin of Ernst vom Rath _1921-1943? Gryphius, Andreas (also Andreas Greif; the German Shakespeare) Ger. dram. & poet; wrote poetry collection "Sonn-und-Feiertagssonette" 1639, plays "Leo Arminius" 1646, "Herr Peter Squentz" 1650?, "Horribilicribrifax" 1650? _1616-1664 Guardia, Ernesto de la Panamanian polit. _1899-1970 Guardia, Ernesto de la, Jr. Panamanian polit.; pres. of Panama 1956-1960 _1904-1983 Guarneri, Giuseppe Antonio (also Guarnerius) It. violin maker _1687-1745 Guccione, Robert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini (Bob) US magazine publisher; founded magazine "Penthouse" 1965 _1930-- Guderian, Heinz Wilhelm Ger. gen. in World War II; pioneer of tank warfare _1888-1954 Guedalla, Philip Eng. aut. & popular historian; wrote "Second Empire" 1922, "The Duke" 1931, "The Hundred Days" 1934, "1936: The Hundredth Year" 1940 _1889-1944 Guercino (orig. Giovanni Francesco Barbieri) It. artist _1591-1666 Guerin, Jules US painter _1866-1946 Guerrero, Jose Gustavo El Salvadoran diplomat & jurist; last pres. of Permanent Court of International Justice 1937-1945; 1st pres. of World Court 1946-1949 _1876-1958 Guesclin, Bertrand du Fr. soldier _1320?-1380 Gusde, Jules (Mathieu Basile) Fr. socialist _1845-1922 Guest, Edgar Albert US (Brit.-born) journalist & popular poet; wrote poetry collections "A Heap o' Livin'" 1916, "When Day is Done" 1921, "Harbor Lights of Home" 1928, "Today and Tomorrow" 1942 _1881-1959 Guevara [de la Serna], Ernesto (Che Guevara) Latin American (Argentine-born) revolutionary & guerrilla leader; helped overthrow Fulgencio Batista; supported Fidel Castro; executed for attempted rebellion in Bolivia _1928-1967 Guggenheim, Meyer US (Swi.-born) industrialist & philanthropist _1828-1971 Guicciardini, Francesco It. historian & polit.; wrote history "Storia d'Italia" 1561-1564 _1483-1540 Guido, Jose Maria Argentine polit.; acting pres. of Argentina 1962-1963 _1910-1975 Guido of Arezzo (also Aretinus) Benedictine monk & music reformer _991?-1050 Guild, Curtis Jr. US polit.; gov. of Massachusetts 1906-1909 _1860-1915 Guillaume, Charles Edouard Swi. phys. in France; NP Phys. 1920 _1861-1938 Guillaume, Robert (orig. Robert Peter Williams) US actor; starred in series "Benson" 1979-1986 _1928-- Guillemin, Roger Charles Louis US (Fr.-born) physiologist; NP Med. 1977 _1924-- Guillotin, Joseph Ignace Fr. physician; inventor & eponym of guillotine _1738-1814 Guinness, Alec Eng. actor _1914-- Guise, Duc Francois de Lorraine de Fr. polit. & soldier _1519-1563 Guise, Duc Henri I de Lorraine de Fr. polit. & soldier _1550-1588 Guisewite, Cathy US cartoonist; created Cathy _1950-- Guiteau, Charles Julius US assassin of James Garfield; executed _1844-1882 Guiteras, Juan Cuban physician _1852-1925 Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume Fr. historian & monarchist polit. _1787-1874 Gulbenkian, Calouste Sarkis (Mr. Five Percent) Armenian-Brit. (Turkish-born) oil industrialist _1869-1955 Guldberg, Cato Maximilian Norw. chem.; with Peter Waage, co-discovered law of mass action 1864-1879 _1836-1902 Gulick, Luther Halsey US educator; founded Camp Fire Girls 1910 _1865-1918 Gullstrand, Allvar Swed. ophthalmologist; NP Med. 1911 _1862-1930 Gumbel, Bryant Charles US broadcast journalist _1948-- Gumilev, Nikolai Rus. poet; wrote poetry collections "The Quiver" 1915, "The Pyre", "The Pillar of Fire"; executed by Bolsheviks; husband of Anna Akhmatova 1910 _1886-1921 Gunderic king of Burgundy 436-473? _4XX-473? Gundicar 1st king of Burgundy 413-436; killed _3XX-436 Gundimar last king of Burgundy 523-532 before incorporation into France; killed; son of Gundobad; brother of Sigismund _4XX-532 Gundobad king of Burgundy 473-516; son of Gunderic _4XX-516 Gunnarsson, Gunnar Icelandic aut.; wrote novel "Af Borgslaegtens Historie" 1920 (also "Guest the One-Eyed"; 1st Icelandic work ever made into movie), autobiographical novel "The Church on the Mountain" 1923-1928 _1889-1975 Gunther, John US aut. & journalist; wrote "Death Be Not Proud" 1949 _1901-1970 Gunther, Kristian Swed. diplomat; Swed. foreign minister 1940-1945 _1886-1966 Guppy, Robert John Lechmere Brit. (Trinidadian-born) zoologist; source of word "guppy" _1836-1916 Gurdjieff, Georges Ivanovich Armenian mystic _1872-1949 Gurevich, Mikhail Iosifevich Rus. Soviet aircraft designer; co-designer & co-eponym of MIG (also MiG, Mig) series of fighter planes with Artem Mikoyan; co-designed MIG-1 1940 _1893-1976 Gursel, Cemal Turkish gen. & polit.; prime min. of Turkey 1960-1961; pres. of Turkey 1961-1966 _1895-1966 Gustav I Eriksson (also Gustavus I) Swed. king 1523-1560 _1496?-1560 Gustav II Adolph (also Gustavus Adolphus) Swed. king 1611-1632; son of Carl IX _1594-1632 Gustav III (also Gustavus III) Swed. king 1771-1792; assassinated; son of Adolph Frederick _1746-1792 Gustav IV Adolph (also Gustavus Adolphus) Swed. king 1792-1809; deposed; son of Gustav III _1778-1837 Gustav V (also Gustavus V) Swed. king 1907-1950; son of Oscar II _1858-1950 Gustav VI Adolph (also Gustavus Adolphus; Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf) Swed. king 1950-1973; son of Gustav V _1882-1973 Gustloff, Wilhelm Ger. Nazi leader in Switzerland; assassinated _1895-1936 Gutenberg, Johannes Ger. inventor of printing with movable type 1454? _1390?-1468? Guth, Alan Harvey US cosmologist & phys. _1947-- Guth, Charles US drink industrialist; founded modern Pepsi-Cola Co. 1931 _1876-1948 Guthrie, Arlo US folksinger; son of Woody Guthrie _1947-- Guthrie, James US polit.; Secy. of Treasury 1853-1857 _1792-1869 Guthrie, Samuel US physician; discovered chloroform 1831 _1782-1848 Guthrie, Woodrow Wilson (Woody) US folksinger _1912-1967 Gutierrez, Gustavo Peruvian theol.; developer of liberation theology; wrote "A Theology of Liberation" 1971, "The Power of the Poor in History" 1984 _1928-- Gutierrez, Santos Colombian polit.; pres. of Colombia 1868, 1869, 1869-1870 _1820-1872 Guttorm Sigurdsson infant Norw. king 1204; ruled under regency; nephew of Haakon III _1200?-1204 Gutzkow, Karl Ferdinand Ger. dram., journalist, & nov.; leader of Young Germany movement; wrote novels "Wally, die Zweiflerin" 1833, "Die Ritter vom Geiste" 1850-1852, plays "Richard Savage" 1839, "Zopf und Schwert" 1844 _1811-1878 Guyon, Joseph (Joe) US football player _1892-1971 Guyug Khan (also Kulug Khan, Kuyuk Khan) ruler of Mongol Empire 1246-1248; son of Ogdai Khan _1206-1248 Guzman, Abimael (Chairman Gonzalo) Peruvian Communist rebel; leader of Shining Path rebel group (Sendero Luminoso) _1934-- Guzman [Fernandez], [Silvestre] Antonio Dominican polit. & reformer; pres. of Dominican Rep. 1978-1982; possibly assassinated _1911-1982 Guzman Blanco, Antonio Venezuelan polit.; dictator of Venezuela 1870-1889 _1829-1899 Gwinnett, Button US (Eng.-born) polit. in American Revolution; killed in duel _1735?-1777 Gwyn, Eleanor (Nell; also Nell Gwynn, Nell Gwynne) Eng. actress _1650-1687 Gwynn, Anthony Keith (Tony) US baseball player; played for San Diego Padres 1982-- _1960-- Gwynne, Frederick Hubbard (Fred) US actor; starred in series "Car 54, Where Are You?" 1961-1963, "The Munsters" 1964-1966 _1926-1993 Gyllenstierna, Johan, Count Swed. diplomat & polit. _1635-1680 Gyndyn (also Gendun) Mongolian polit.; 1st pres. of Mongolia 1924-1928; premier of Mongolia 1928-1930 _18XX-1937 Gyrowetz, Adalbert Aus. composer _1763-1850 Gyongyosi, Istvan Hung. poet; wrote epic poem "Muranyi Venus" 1664, poetry collections "Rose Wreath" 1690, "Kemeny-Janos" 1693 _1620-1704